Normal nickel

Knapp reports that a chromium deposit of 0 000 25 mm from the usual type of chromium bath, followed by 0-013 mm nickel and a further 0-00025 mm of chromium gave protection equal to that of a nickel coating of double the thickness applied in the form of normal nickel and chromium plate. 

Sometimes two discharge voltage plateaus are seen on nickel oxide electrodes. Early observations are documented in previous reviews [2, 9]. Normally, nickel oxide electrodes have a voltage plateau on discharge in the potential range of 0.25-0.35V vs. Hg/HgO. The second plateau, which in some cases can account for up to 50% of the capacity, occurs at -0.1 to - 0.6 V. At present there is a general consensus that this second plateau is not due to the presence of a new, less-active, compound [91-94]. Five interfaces have been identified for a discharging NiOOH electrode [93]. These are... 

The major waste sources during normal nickel-chromium plating operations are alkaline cleaners, acid cleaners, plating baths, posttreatment baths, and auxiliary operation units. 

The catalyst for this reaction is normally nickel on a refractory or aluminate support. The steam reforming reaction is highly endothermic (-AH°298 = -206 kJ/mol) and high temperature, low pressure and high steam-carbon ratios (3-4 is commonly used) favour conversion [ ] ... 

From the isotopic decomposition of normal nickel one finds that the mass-58 isotope, 58Ni, is the most abundant of all nickel isotopes 68.3% of all Ni. Using the total abundance of elemental Ni = 4.93 x 104 per million silicon atoms in solar-system matter, this isotope has... 

Using a double-channel spectrometer the normal nickel or aluminium... 

Much of what has been said above can be applied to other hydrogenation reactions where the saturation of a double bond is involved. With many of these substances the steric factor must also be important, as the two-point attachment must often take place at or near the center of a long chain. With some reactions of this type it is probable that a departure from the normal nickel lattice may give increased activity, for it has already been noted that the 2.47A. spacing on nickel is not quite ideal this applies still more if the C-Ni distance amounts to 2.0 A. rather than to the lower value of 1.82 A. derived from nickel carbonyl. 

The prepared microcapsules were added into normal nickel-plating or copper-plating baths to determine how they would co-deposit with the metal ions, the effects of different types of metal ion, and the process parameters required for co-deposition. 

In contrast, the normal nickel-plating coating containing no microcapsules tended to lose weight during the experiment, and weight loss increased with time. This indicated that the release of microcapsules plays a substantial role in self-repair in the case of composite coatings that improve wear resistance. 

Figure 9.22 illustrates the morphology of the composite coatings containing microcapsules and normal nickel-plating coatings before and after the wear-resist-... 

Figure 9.25 Polarization curves of normal nickel coating and composite coatings, (a) Normal nickel coating and composite coatings (b) composite coating before and after abrasion.

The catalyst is normally nickel on a stable support (refer to Chapter 4). The catalyst properties are dictated by the severe operating conditions, including temperatures of 450-950°C and steam partial pressures of up to 30 bar. The intrinsic activity of the catalyst depends on the nickel surface area. 

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