Nickel isotope

R. Karrer, P. Bochsler, C. Giammanco, F. M. Ipavich, J. A. Paquette, and P. Wurz. Nickel Isotopic Composition and Nickel/hon Ratio in the Solar Wind Results from SOHO/ CELIAS/MTOF, Space Science Reviews, 130, no. 1-4(2007) 317 -321. 

Furthermore, the fact that iron is s5mthesised in the form of a nickel isotope has important implications from an observational standpoint. Indeed, it provides a check on the foundations of the whole theory of explosive nucleosynthesis. These implications are twofold, as we have seen. They concern supernova light curves and gamma emission from these objects. 

Small additional contributions are produced by (p,3pxn) reactions on other nickel isotopes. A typical bombardment lasts for 17 hours at an average beam current of 50 microamperes. 

U. Bosch et al., "Beta Half-Lives of Neutron-Rich Chromium-to-Nickel Isotopes Used for New Calculation of the Astrophysical r-Process", to be published. 

From the isotopic decomposition of normal nickel one finds that the mass-58 isotope, 58Ni, is the most abundant of all nickel isotopes 68.3% of all Ni. Using the total abundance of elemental Ni = 4.93 x 104 per million silicon atoms in solar-system matter, this isotope has... 

Davis A. M. and Brownlee D. E. (1993) Iron and nickel isotopic mass fractionation in deep-sea spherules. Lunar Planet. Sci. XXIV. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, pp. 373-374. 

Herzog G. E., Hall G. S., and Brownlee D. E. (1994) Mass fractionation of nickel isotopes in metaUic cosmic spheres. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 5319-5323. 

Resonance scattering means that neighbours and isotopes can have very different scattering lengths, e.g. two nickel isotopes, Ni (0.87) and Ni (1.44), or the transition elements Fe (0.95), Co (0.25) and Ni (1.02) (all X 10 m), whereas for X-rays, scattering would be closely proportional to the atomic numbers 26, 27 and 28, respectively. Neutron diffraction is therefore particularly useful in the study of alloys. 

Most elements in the periodic table have one, two, or even three isotopes that are free from isobaric overlap, Att exception is indium, which has two stable isotopes. In and Mn .The former overlaps with Cd and the latter with Sn. More often, an isobaric interference occurs wiih the most abundant and thus the most sensitive isotope. I )r example, the very large peak for " Ar (see Figure I I-I5b) overlaps the peak for the most abundant calcium isotope Ca (97%), making it necessary to use the second-most abundant isotope Ca (2.17o). As another example, ilie most abundant nickel isotope, suffers from... 

Table 6.1 The scattering lengths of the natural iron, natural nickel and the two nickel isotopes [6]...

It is unlikely that the nickel isotopes are completely pure, and so this will affect the theoretical low r limit. However it will also affect the high q limit to which the DSC is being fitted, and the two effects act to partially cancel. Furthermore as the samples are only 35 % nickel any impurity in the nickel isotopes has a reduced impact upon each Invar sample. 

Regelous, M., Elliott, T., and Coath, C.D. (2008) Nickel isotope heterogeneity in the early solar system. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 272, 330-338. 

Patriarca, M., Lyon,T. D. B., McGaw, B., and Fell, G. S. (1996). Determination of selected nickel isotopes in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with isotope dilution.J.y4/M/.y4(. Spectrom. 11(4), 297. 

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