Nonuniform Conductor

There are a number of papers discussing a nonuniform line [28-47]. EMC-related transients or surges in a gas-insulated substation and on a tower involve the nonuniform line such as a short-line, nonparallel, and vertical 

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Explain the emergence of the Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effects in nonuniform conductors using the tools of phenomenological hnear thermodynamics. What is the physical sense of parameters that deter mine the magnitude of these effects ... 

Brush discharge A nonuniform electric field between a charged dielectric and a conductor that has a moderate radius of curvature MIE <3 ml... 

Corona A corona is generated when a highly nonuniform electric field of sufficient strength terminates on a conductor that has a small radius of curvature (i.e., a point, wire, or knife-edge). The luminous... 

Most of the early organic conductors were based on the TCNQ acceptor molecule [1]. Many of these are radical-ion salts having nonuniform stacks composed of dimers, trimers, or tetramers and are thus semiconductors at room temperature (see, e.g., Ref. 8 or Chapter 8 in this volume). From the crystal structures and molecular arrangements [8], it is clear that for the vast majority of these salts, this nonuniformity is driven by Coulomb attraction between the positive donor ions and the ir-electron density on the TCNQ molecules, which is larger in the regions where they are more closely spaced. A few materials with uniform stacks were known before 1972, such as Qn(TCNQ)2 and TTF Br0 7, and these were the best organic conductors known until the discovery of TTF-TCNQ, but their conductivity was limited by intrinsic disorder. 

The Thomson effect is related to the release of extra heat in a conductor (in addition to the well known Joule heat released due to the finite value of the electric conductivity) owing to the combined action of heat and electro conduction. In physical chemistry, classical examples of conjugate processes in nonuniform systems are thermomechanical and mechanocaloric effects. 

It is natural that the following question arises whether this characteristic allows us to obtain information on the focusing features of the probe in a medium when the resistivity changes in a radial direction. It is obvious that until the signal from cylindrical conductor does not depend on currents induced in the external medium, regardless of their resistivity, this function can be used for evaluating the efficiency of a differential probe in a uniform as well as in a nonuniform medium. 

Conductor A, containing 34% copper, was ductile for NbaSn between 12 and 15 v/o. Conductors B and C, containing 62 v/o copper, were ductile for Nb3Sn< 10 v/o. Conductor D was still brittle at 8 v/o NbsSn. A simple rule of v/o brittle phase for ductile composites does not appear to be possible. The low tensile modulus of annealed copper, the nonuniform distribution of copper, or the imperfect bonding of copper added to the initial composite may account for the ineffectiveness of copper in increasing ductility. The higher value of 15 v/o NbsSn for ductile composite behavior, reported by Old and Charlesworth [% was obtained from samples containing only bronze, Nb, and NbsSn. 

Proximity effect A nonuniform current distribution in a conductor, caused by current flow in a nearby... 

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