Nonionic Collector

Some nonionic collectors such as alkenes can also be used as flotation collector although they do not contain the strong polar groups. It was recently reported that octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether can be used to flotate quartz and cassiterite [26]. The stmcture of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether can be expressed as follows  

Octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether can be synthesized by adopting octylphenol and epoxyethane as raw materials. 

Flotation results of quartz and cassiterite show that the flotation processes are influenced obviously by pulp pH. The flotation performance of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is good in the flotation of quartz when pulp pH is under 3. And octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether shows no flotation performance when pulp pH is above 9. As far as I know, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether gets adsorbed on mineral surface via hydrogen bond. Hydroxyls appear on the mineral surface when pH is above pHpzc- Therefore, flotation cannot take place because hydrogen bond weakens. 

Mattel, M. Calvin, Metal chelates chemistry (Chapter 5) 

Beshall, Theory and Practice of Emulsion. (Science Press, Marrickville), pp. 164, 169 

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Flotation reagents are used in the froth flotation process to (/) enhance hydrophobicity, (2) control selectivity, (J) enhance recovery and grade, and (4) affect the velocity (kinetics) of the separation process. These chemicals are classified based on utili2ation collector, frother, auxiUary reagent, or based on reagent chemistry polar, nonpolar, and anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric. The active groups of the reagent molecules are typically carboxylates, xanthates, sulfates or sulfonates, and ammonium salts. 

There are basically two types of collector molecules ionizing and nonionizing compounds. The former dissociates into ions in water, while the latter does not. Ionizing collectors are classified in accordance with the type of ion (anion or cation) that causes the water-repellent effect in water. 

Collectors arc chemical reagents that selectively coat the particles to be floated with a water-repellanl surface that will adhere to air bubhlcs. Collectors generally are classified as cationic, anionic, or nonionic. Examples of collectors include the xanlhales, dithiophosphates. thiocarbonilides. and ihionocarbonales, all of which are anionic collectors... 

Use Sulfonation of organic compounds, especially nonionic detergents, solar energy collectors. It is usually generated in the plant where it is to be used. 

In case of using mixtures of two and more collectors, the selective hydrophobisation is accomplished simultaneously both due to chemisorption and physical adsorption. It is shown in [69] that the simultaneous use of fatty acids and hydrocarbon oils for calcium phosphate flotation from quartz different processes are observed. Fatty acid soaps form chemical compounds on the surface of the material floated, after which the hydrocarbon oil physically adsorbs. It has been experimentally established that hydrocarbon oil is transferred from quartz particles to the surface of floated phosphate. When using mixtures of anionics and nonionics, hydrophobisation of particle surfaces is also accomplished both due to the formation of chemical compounds and physical adsorption which is confirmed by measurements of the zeta-potential of the particles floated [70]. 

A rain pan collector accumulates a rainwater sample deposited on a known area. The collector funnels rainwater into a sample bottle. A Alter followed by cation-and anion-exchange resin columns can be inserted in the line between the sampling pan and collecAon bottle, as shown in Fig. 5.4. The Alter collects particulate radionuclides, the resins collect cationic and anionic radionuclides, and nonionic radionuclides remain in the water. The pan collects both dry and wet depositions. Collectors with movable shields have been developed that open during rainfall, as discussed in SecAon 5.3.1. The pans are washed aAer each collection period to remove the radionuclides associated with dry deposiAon and clean the pans for... 

Uses Defoamer for metalworking, textiles, pulp/paper, water treatment, l l cleaners, industrial and mech. dishwash rinse aid for automatic dishwashing and windshield washing lubricant for metalworking flotation collector for deinking and recycling of waste paper Properties Hazen 100 liq. sol. in benzene, ethyl acetate, ethyl Icinol, perchlorethylene, veg. oil, olein sp.gr. 1.017 vise. 388 cps m.p. < 0 C HLB 3 cloud pt. 24 2 C surf. tens. 39.0 dynes/cm pH 6 (1% aq.) nonionic 100 /oact. 

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