Nonaqueous organic solvent

Neutral aqueous salt solutions react slowly with tin when oxygen is present but oxidizing salt solutions, such as potassium peroxysulfate, ferric chloride and sulfate, and aluminum and stannic chlorides dissolve tin. Nonaqueous organic solvents, lubricating oils, and gasoline have Httle effect. 

Gosorb Process. Like the copper—Hquor scmbbing method, the Cosorb process also reHes on the formation of a cuprous complex of carbon monoxide but uses a nonaqueous organic solvent. The preferred system uses a cuprous tetrachloroalurninate toluene complex in a toluene solvent (90). Many other organometaUic complex variants have been proposed (91—93) but have not been commercialized. 

In the nonaqueous organic solvent-based systems used for lithium batteries, the conductivities are of the order of 10 —10 S/cm k Compared to water, most organic solvents have a lower solvating power and a lower dielectric constant. This favors ion pair formation, even at low salt concentration. Ion pair formation lowers the conductivity as the ions are no longer free and bound to each other. Organic electrolytes show lower conductivities and much higher... 

Kolthoff, I.M., Chantooni, M.K., Jr, Acid-base equilibria and titrations in nonaqueous solvents. A. General introduction to acid-base equilibria in nonaqueous organic solvents C. Dipolar aprotic solvents, in Ref. 1, pp. 239-302, 349-384. 

Kolthoff, I. M. and M. K. Chantooni, General introduction to acid-base equilibria in nonaqueous organic solvents, in Treatise on Analytical Chemistry (I. M. Kolthoff and R J. Elving, eds.), John Wiley Sons, New York, 1979, pp. 239-301. 

In <1% of cases of industrial drying, the liquid to be removed in dryers is a nonaqueous (organic) solvent or a mixture of water with a solvent. This is not uncommon in drying of pharmaceutical products. Special care is needed to recover the solvent and to avoid potential danger of fire and explosion. 

Nonaqueous organic solvents consist of the following classes of compounds aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and their halogenated and nitro derivatives, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, amines, nitriles, unsubstituted and substituted amides, sulfoxides, and sulfones. In general, a compound... 

As aforementioned (see, e.g., [5-9]), the Chevrel phase cluster compounds paved, on one hand, the way to tailor a new chemical route of synthesis in mild conditions using nonaqueous organic solvents [10-13] as well as in aqueous medium [14], and on the other hand, it provided the necessary ingredients to understand the electronic interaction between the chalcogen and the catalytic metal site [15-18]. Since some recent reviews on the topic of chalcogenides have been done by the author in the last 10 years [6, 8, 9, 19, 20], the present chapter will provide an overview of recent... 

Complexes based on the double-helix DNA and oppositely charged surfactants are formed in aqueous solution due to Coulombic attraction between the polyanion chain units and surfactant ions, and they are stabilized by hydro-phobic interaction of nonpolar fragments of the surfactant [4-5]. One can expect that such amphiphilic structure of DNA-surfactant complexes will also promote solubility in low-polarity organic solvents. At present, there is lack of information on the behavior of DNA-surfactant complexes in nonaqueous organic solvents. However, some studies indicate that the complexes based on DNA and cationic dialkyl amphiphiles can be soluble in organic media in the presence of a small amount of water [6]. We... 

Suitable aromatic hydrocarbon-based nonaqueous organic solvents are summarized in Table 2.8 and in Figure 2.31. 

T rifluorotoluene 1,2-Difluorotoluene 1,2-Dichlorotoluene Figure 2.31 Aromatic hydrocarbon-based nonaqueous organic solvents. 

Where B represents a basic end group. This reaction is usually carried out in a nonaqueous organic solvent to facilitate the removal of water from the system and to dissipate the heat evolved during the reaction exotherm. ... 

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