Non-ferromagnetic

The figures show typical signals obtained from an ID inspection of non-ferromagnetic tubing with artificial flaws, Figure 1, and actual results on steel tubing. Figure 2. 

The same instrument inspects both steel and non-ferromagnetic tubing... 

P.Y. lotibert, D. Miller, D. Placko, and E. Savin. New eddy current probe and associated preprocessings for 3d image reconstruction in non ferromagnetic tubes testing. In To be published in the proceedings of the Seventh ECNDT, 1998. 

The experimental tests have validated the theoretical model for eylindrical products in non ferromagnetic material, therefore with a long solenoid ... 

The result of this study can be exploited in the industrial control practice of long conductor, non ferromagnetic product. 

New Eddy Current Probe and Associated Preprocessing for 3D Image Reconstruction in Non Ferromagnetic Tube Testing. 

D. Miller, D.Placko "Pre-processing of signals delivered by a new eddy current sensor for non ferromagnetic tubes testing" in IMTC 96... 

Fn Fig. 2. it is shown, that the stress can be evaluated by placing the probe directly on the tested surface as well as at a certain distance from it. Test results indicate to the possibility of evaluating stress in parts covered with a protective layer (vanish or non-ferromagnetic electrolytic coating). 

Two such new and possibly powerful methods are described in this paper. They allow for the detection of 1. extremely small ferromagnetic inclusions in the volume of a non ferromagnetic workpiece and 2. non ferromagnetic segregations in the volume of a non ferromagnetic workpiece. 

Ordinary rust typically is primarily non-ferromagnetic Fe203 (ferric oxide, or hematite). It is often red in color and can be found variously as a light and fluffy material or as a hard and dense tubercle or other type of deposit. 

Reference materials are Aluminum (non-ferromagnetic) and Mild Steel St 37, DIN 1.0116 /AISI 4130 (ferromagnetic) Reference temperature for reported data is 20°C (70 °l resolution data are based on noise peak-to-peak values Resolution and temperature stability refer to midrange (MMI ) 107 Pa (100 bar) 2) 210 6 Pa (20 bar)... 

Six sulphide species were observed in the non-ferromagnetic heavy mineral concentrates (NFM-HMCs) of bedrock samples arsenopyrite pyrite > chalcopyrite > bismuthinite = molybdenite = cobaltite. Chalcopyrite, pyrite and bismuthinite do survive in near-surface till but only in minor amounts (<8 grains/sample). Although the Co-rich composition of arsenopyrite is possibly the strongest vector to Au-rich polymetallic mineralization in the study area, sandsized arsenopyrite is absent in C-horizon tills, suggesting that arsenopyrite more readily oxidizes than chalcopyrite and pyrite in till, and therefore is an impractical indicator mineral to detect mineralization using surficial sediments at NICO. 

For a very few metals, however, the unpaired electrons in the conduction band can lead to ferromagnetism. In the whole of the Periodic Table, only iron, cobalt, nickel, and a few of the lanthanides (Gd, Tb) possess this property. So, what is so special about these elements that confers this uniqueness on them It is not their crystal structure they each have different structures and the structures are similar to those of other non-ferromagnetic metals. Iron, cobalt, and nickel, however, all have a nearly full, narrow 3c/band. 

Another application of direct e-beam irradiation is given in [20]. In this paper, non-ferromagnetic Co-C thin films were magnetically patterned using a focused electron beam with a probe diameter of less than 0.1 pm. The... 

In organic polymers ferromagnetism occurs when impurities are present. These may completely mask the true susceptibility of the substance to be investigated. In the following we shall only consider substances free from ferromagnetism, since polymers normally are non-ferromagnetic. 

Fig. 11.9 XRF spectra of toners (a) ferromagnetic toner and (b) non-ferromagnetic toner...

In contrast to engine oil, transmission (or gearbox) oil usually represents a lifetime filling unless unexpected contamination due to failures occurs, which, depending on the kind of contamination, may be detected potentially by all the physical parameters considered. For the detection of metallic wear particles in transmission oil, both ferromagnetic as well as non-ferromagnetic, the utilization of magnetic sensor principles would be near at hand [16, 17]. 

For isotropic non-ferromagnetic materials with volume susceptibility x it is d M = /d//... 

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