Non-aqueous liquids

In latex technology, concentrated latex is first blended with the different additives required. To prevent premature destabilisation the powders are added as dispersions and non-aqueous liquids are generally added as emulsions. Care must be taken to avoid destabilisation, which can be brought about in different ways such as... 

Flammability and related Fire/explosion hazard see Non-aqueous liquids... 

Non-aqueous liquid content Design of treatment or Breaking emulsion... 

Your process may produce wastes that cannot be treated on-site, and so must be transported off-site for treatment and disposal. Wastes of this type are usually non-aqueous liquids, sludge, or solids. Often, wastes for off-site disposal are costly to transport and to treat, and represent a third-party liability. Therefore, minimization of these wastes yields a direct cost benefit, both present and future. Measure the quantity and note the composition of any wastes associated with your process that need to be sent for off-site disposal. Record your results in a table or an appropriate spreadsheet. 

Information on bimetallic corrosion for buried metals may be obtained in Referencesfor embedded metals in References , and for non-aqueous liquids in References (liquid fluorine)and (liquid ammonia). 

Nature of the environment This is usually water, an aqueous solution or a two- (or more) component system in which water is one component. Inhibitors are, however, sometimes required for non-aqueous liquid systems. These include pure organic liquids (Al in chlorinated hydrocarbons) various oils and greases and liquid metals (Mg, Zr and Ti have been added to liquid Bi to prevent mild steel corrosion by the latter ). An unusual case of inhibition is the addition of NO to N2O4 to prevent the stress-corrosion cracking of Ti-6A1-4V fuel tanks when the N2O4 is pressurised... 

Plesset MS (1970) Cation erosion in non-aqueous liquids. Trans ASME (J Fluid Eng) 92 807-818... 

Margulis MA (1985) Sonoluminescence from non-aqueous liquids. Ultrasonics 23 157... 

Interestingly, the didecylphosphate anion represents a fixed component of the non-aqueous liquid membrane. As the concentration of Ca+ ions present in the solutions on either side of the membrane varies hence, the concentration of didecylphosphate anion at every membrane surface would also vary accordinly, thereby causing a potential that may be expressed by the following equation ... 

The second modification concerns the correlation of the composition of the aqueous liquid phase. In order to accomplish this, a temperature - dependent interaction parameter was used for the aqueous liquid phase and the previous temperature -independent parameter was used for the non-aqueous liquid phase and the vapor phase. Thus for the aqueous - liquid phase Eqn. 

The nature of ion association in non-aqueous liquid electrolytes has traditionally been investigated by measuring the molar conductivity. A, as... 

The formation of an anodic film on alkali metal anodes is mentioned in (129b). If it can be confirmed that Li is not unique in its reaction with water, as it is claimed in (123-124), then Na may also develop such a film in contact with H2O or non-aqueous liquids and so be protected. Design variations in Na-H20 primary batteries are described (130-132). 

Recently, we and others demonstrated that appropriate germanide Zintl clusters in non-aqueous liquid-crystalline phases of cationic surfactants can assemble well-ordered mesostructured and mesoporous germanium-based semiconductors. These include mesostructured cubic gyroidal and hexagonal mesoporous Ge as well as ordered mesoporous binary intermetallic alloys and Ge-rich chalcogenide semiconductors. 

Carville DB, Feig ER, Rose GD, Pulliam MH (1986) Additives for non-aqueous liquids U.S. Pat. 454573488A... 

Dong, L, et al., L-ORC SOFTCAP for controlled release of non-aqueous liquid formulations,... 

It is not possible to prepare biaryls containing a free carboxyl group directly by the diazo reaction. No biaryl is formed when (a) diazotized aniline and sodium benzoate, (b) diazotized anthranilic acid and aqueous sodium benzoate, or (c) diazotized anthranilic acid and benzene are used as components in the reaction.13 On the other hand, the reaction proceeds normally if methyl benzoate is used in reaction (a) or when methyl anthranilate replaces the anthranilic acid in (b) and in (c). The success of the diazohydroxide reaction appears to lie in the ability of the non-aqueous liquid to extract the reactive diazo compound from the aqueous layer.4 However, esters and nitriles can be prepared from esters of aromatic amino acids and cyanoanilines and also by coupling with esters of aromatic acids, and from the products the acids can be obtained by hydrolysis. By coupling N-nitrosoacetanilide with ethyl phthalate, ethyl 4-phenylphthalate (VIII) is formed in 37% yield. 

For the purpose of this method, a chemical waste sample includes the sample matrices of oils, oily sludge, stillbottom, oil-laced soil, and surface water heavily contaminated with any of the above matrices. The sample may contain particulates and an obvious non-aqueous liquid phase. 

If a soil/sediment sample contains an obvious non-aqueous liquid phase, or contains more than two phases (i.e. non-aqueous liquid/aqueous liquid/solid), contact the Sample Management Office (SMO) in order to determine which phase(s) should be analyzed. 

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