Sample soil and sediment

The behavior of elements (toxicity, bioavailability, and distribution) in the environment depends strongly on their chemical forms and type of binding and cannot be reliably predicted on the basis of the total concentration. In order to assess the mobility and reactivity of heavy metal (HM) species in solid samples (soils and sediments), batch sequential extraction procedures are used. HM are fractionated into operationally defined forms under the action of selective leaching reagents. 

Most research of estrogens and progestogens has been conducted on water samples and less frequently on solid samples. Soils and sediments, in particular, have received very little attention and thus literature data on these matrices are very... 

To understand the principles of sampling soil and sediment, water and air. 

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