Nomograph

Fig. 10. Nomograph for estimating the rate of hydrolytic degradation of pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate (tetramethyl ammonium salts) (27). For...

Correlation methods discussed include basic mathematical and numerical techniques, and approaches based on reference substances, empirical equations, nomographs, group contributions, linear solvation energy relationships, molecular connectivity indexes, and graph theory. Chemical data correlation foundations in classical, molecular, and statistical thermodynamics are introduced. 

Fig. 3. Comparison for the equation x -j- 3y = z of (a) Cartesian and (b) nomographic formats. See text.

Venous Nomogra.phs, The alignment chart is restricted neither to addition operations, nor to three-variable problems. Alignment charts can be used to solve most mathematical problems, from linear ones having any number of variables, to ratiometric, exponential, or any combination of problems. A very useful property of these alignment diagrams is the fact that they can be combined to evaluate a more complex formula. Nomographs for complex arithmetical expressions have been developed (108). 

Viscosities of Gases Coordinates for Use with Fig. 2-32.. . . Nomograph for Determining a) Absolute Viscosity of a Gas as a Function of Temperature Near Ambient Pressure and (h) Relative Viscosity of a Gas Compared... 

FIG. 2-32 Nomograph for determining (n) absolute viseosity of a gas as a fnnotion of temperature near ambient pressure and (b] relative viseosity of a gas compared with air. For ooor-dinates see Table 2-.3G4. To oonvert poises to pasoal-seoonds, multiply by 0.1. [From Beennan Meas. Control, 154-157 (June 1982).]... 

FtG. 9-33 Nomograph for vlsoosities of liquids at 1 atm. For ooordiuates see Table 2-.365, To oouvert oentipoises to pasoal-seoouds, multiply by 0,001,... 

FIG. 2-34 and TABIE 2-367 Nomograph (tight) for thermal conductivity of organic hqiiids. 

Figure 5-9 is a nomograph for determining coefficients of heat transfer for condensation of pure vapors. 

Mechanics-draft cooling towers normally are designed for L/Q ratios ranging from 0.75 to 1.50 accordingly, the vSues of KaV/L vaiy from 0.50 to 2.50. With these ranges in mind, an example of the use of the nomograph will readily explain the effecd of changing variables. 

FIG. 12-13 Nomograph of cooling-tower characteristics. [Wood and Betts, Engineer, 189(4912), 337 (1950).]... 

To determine how a natural-draft tower of any given duty coefficient will perform under varying conditions, Rish and Steel plotted the nomograph in Fig. 12-22. The straight hne shown on the nomograph illustrates the conditions of Example 14. 

Nomograph for determining eooling-pond performanee and size. [Langhar, Chem. Eng., 60(8), 194 (1953).]... 

A trial-and-error procedure is required with any K-value correlation that takes into account the effect of composition. One cannot calculate K values until phase compositions are known, and those cannot be known until the K values are available to calculate them. For K as a function of T and P only, the DePriester charts provide good starting values for the iteration. These nomographs are shown in Fig. 13-14/7 andZ . SI versions of these charts have been developed by Dadyburjor [Chem. Eng. Prog., 74(4), 85 (1978)]. 

Pressure drops in the column will he neglected, and the K values will he read at 827 kPa (120 psia) in both column sections from the DePriester nomograph in Fig. 13-14. When constant molar overflow is assumed in each section, the rates in pound-moles per hour in the upper and lower sections are as follows ... 

Nomographs for Preliminary Design A useful set of nomographs for determining conveyor-design parameters is given in Fig. 21-13. With these charts, conservative approximations of conveyor... 

Nomographs prepared from data supplied by Flotronics Division, Allied Industries. 

Referring now to Nomograph 1, draw a straight line between the air-velocity and the pipe-diameter scales so that when the line is extended it will intersect the air-vohime scale at a certain point. 

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