Nomograph, pressure

Viscosities of Gases Coordinates for Use with Fig. 2-32.. . . Nomograph for Determining a) Absolute Viscosity of a Gas as a Function of Temperature Near Ambient Pressure and (h) Relative Viscosity of a Gas Compared... 

FIG. 2-32 Nomograph for determining (n) absolute viseosity of a gas as a fnnotion of temperature near ambient pressure and (b] relative viseosity of a gas compared with air. For ooor-dinates see Table 2-.3G4. To oonvert poises to pasoal-seoonds, multiply by 0.1. [From Beennan Meas. Control, 154-157 (June 1982).]... 

Pressure drops in the column will he neglected, and the K values will he read at 827 kPa (120 psia) in both column sections from the DePriester nomograph in Fig. 13-14. When constant molar overflow is assumed in each section, the rates in pound-moles per hour in the upper and lower sections are as follows ... 

The nomograph combines all of these corrections (4) except the one for higher liquid vapor pressures. Physical properties of each of the inorganic gases are incorporated in the primary and secondary scales identifying the dissolved gas. 

Fauske [32] represented a nomograph for tempered reaetions as shown in Figure 12-35. This aeeounts for turbulent flashing flow and requires information about the rate of temperature rise at the relief set pressure. This approaeh also aeeounts for vapor disengagement and frietional effeets ineluding laminar and turbulent flow eonditions. For turbulent flow, the vent area is... 

Using Eauske s nomograph from Eigure 12-35 at a self-heat rate of 6.3 K/min and a set pressure of 217.5 psia, the corresponding vent size area per 1,000 kg of reactants = 0.0008 m. ... 

The dust hazard class, Rst, vessel volume and strength, and the relieving pressure of the vent closure are the key components of the relief determination using the nomographs [27]. Although stated by Ref. [27] to be non-exact... 

Using a nomograph requires only the vessel volume in meters, selecting the dust class. St-1, St-2 or St-3 from Table 7-28. Using Tables 7-29 or 7-30 select the Kst value determined experimentally. The reduced pressure, Pfed. (maximum pressure actually developed during a vented deflagration, termed reduced explosion pressure) must not exceed strength of vessel (see earlier discussion) and the Psut, i.e., the vent device release pressure. Note that the static activation pressure, Pjj, must be determined from experimental tests of the manufacture of relief panels such as rupture disks. 

Figure 7-65G. Alternate venting nomograph for dusts of ciass St.-I whose maximum deflagration pressure does not exceed 9 bar ga. Reprinted with permission, NFPA 68-1988, Deflagration Venting, (1988) National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02269. See note Figure 7-63A.

Six-tenths factor, 47 Yearly cost indices, 47 Critical flow, safety-relief, 438 Back pressure, 440 Sonic flow, 438 Critical flow, see Sonic Cyclone separators, 259-269 Design, 260-265 Efficiency chart, 263 Hydroclones, 265-267 Pressure drop, 263, 264 Scrubber, 269 Webre design, 265 Deflagration venting nomographs,... 

Venting, dusts, (deflagration), nomograph, API, 514-520 Relief valves, 400 Code requirements, 415, 420 Installation, 422, 429-434 Safety-relief, 400 Relieving pressure, 411-417 Resistance coefficient, K, (flow), 71, 72 Flow coefficient, Q, 81, 83 Pipe sizing, 83, 84, 86 Sudden contraction, 80 Sudden enlargement, 80 Tables/charts, 73-76, 77, 78-80 Valves, 81... 

A simple nomograph of the results can be plotted and is shown in Figure 9-9. The required vent area is determined simply from the heating rate, the set pressure, and the mass of reactants. 

In many laboratories, a nomograph (see Figure 5.7) is pinned to the wall behind a rotary evaporator. A nomograph allows for a simple estimate of the boiling temperature as a function of pressure. Typically, pressure is expressed in the old-fashioned units of atmospheres (atm) or millimetres of mercury (mmHg). 1 atm = 760 mmHg. (The curvature of the nomograph is a consequence of the mathematical nature of the way pressure and temperature are related see Section 5.2). 

Figure 5.7 A typical nomograph for estimating the temperature at which a pure liquid boils when the pressure is decreased...

SAQ 5.1 A liquid has a normal boiling temperature of 140°C. Use the nomograph to estimate the applied pressure needed to decrease the boiling temperature to 90°C. 

You ve found all the leaks and the pressure in your vacuum distillation setup is, say, 25 torr. Now you need to know the boiling point of your compound, 1-octanol, this time at 25 torr and not 760 torr. You realize it ll boil at a lower temperature, but just how low The handy nomographs in (Figs. 76 and 77) can help you estimate the new boiling point. 

This is a higher boiling point at a lower pressure than we d gotten from the nomograph. 

Addnl Refs A) Dunkle s Syllabus (1957-1958), 391-404 B) G.W. Atkinson et al, "Nomographs for Determining the Relationships Between Pressure, Range, Altitude, and Yield in the Shock Front Resulting from a Nuclear Detonation , NavWeps... 

The relationship between loading press and charge density for commonly pressed expls is given in Table 1 (Ref 1). An approximation of the loading densities of six commonly used explosives is shown in the nomograph, Fig 5 (Ref 3). The pressure-density relationship varies somewhat from lot to lot. In addition, loading density is affected by such factors as ram clearance and increment length... 

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