Nodule pathology

Fig. 4.2 Dorsal root ganglia pathology in HIV neuropathy is characterized by foci of macrophage-lymphocytic infiltration (a) and Nagoette nodules (b). Infiltration by activated macrophages is demonstrated by immunostaining with anti-CD68 antibodies (c) (scale bar, 50 pm). Reproduced with permission of Wiley-Blackwell Pubhshing (Pardo et al. 2001)...

Murakami, T., Knroda, C., Marukawa, T., Harada, K., Wakasa, K., Sakurai, M., Monden, M., Kasahara, A., Kawata, S., Koznka, T. Regenerating nodules in hepatic cirrhosis MR findings with pathologic correlation. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1990 155 1227—1231... 

Non-specific toxic liver damage may be evident in this connection, possible tuberculostatic toxic effects must also be considered. With severe courses of tuberculosis, peliosis hepatis is often observed. Frequently, retothelial nodules are detectable, as demonstrated for the first time in tuberculosis patients by H. Hamperl in 1953. (50) In the course of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis,infiltration of liver cells was noted, as reported in several publications. (50) It was attributed to toxic effects and/or undernourishment or malnutrition. Secondary hepatic amyloidosis, developing in the course of chronic lung tuberculosis, has also been postulated. (50) A restriction of hepatic function in chronic tuberculosis, which was first observed by E. Leuret et al. in 1922, has been described in a number of publications. (51, 60, 63) Depending on the severity and duration of the disease as well as the tuberculostatic pretreatment, we found pathological laboratory parameters in 15-20% and 25-40% of cases respectively. (50)... 

The pathological snbstratum of HIV dementia is referred to as HIV encephalitis (HIVE). HIVE is a disseminated multifocal process characterized by the presence of multinucle-ated giant cells of macrophage/microglial origin microglial nodules diffuse astrocytosis myelin pallor loss of synaptic density and neuronal cell loss, mainly in the hippocampus. 

A 35-year-old woman developed an asymptomatic, erythematous, subcutaneous nodule on the anterior aspect of her left leg. She had been taking minocycline 50-100 mg bd for acne for 2 years, and her only other medication was an oral contraceptive. A presumptive diagnosis of erythema nodosum was made. The nodule was injected twice with triamcinolone acetonide and she was given indometacin 50 mg tds but continued to take minocycline. Some weeks later, after a routine gynecological examination, pathological examination... 

For several years, it has been acknowledged that whenever possible bioassay data should be corrected for early death. In both CDC s and EPA s analysis of Kociba et al (6), the individual animal pathology results were not available. Recently, these data were made available and the analysis showed some interesting results (76-77). The nonparametric Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of a female rat developing a hepatocellular neoplastic nodule or carcinoma by the end of 25 months, the duration of the Kociba study, are shown in Figure 5. These estimates are computed separately for each dose level and take into account the observation times of each rat. The values of these estimates for the two highest dose levels are 0.81 at... 

Even though radioiodine promises functional improvement and, to some extent, amelioration of mechanical problems by size reduction, only surgery permits complete removal of the pathological tissue or nodule(s) and allows for histopathological examination. 

Rode A, Bancel B, Douek P et al (2001) Small nodule detection in cirrhotic livers evaluation with US, spiral CT, and MRI and correlation with pathologic examination of explanted liver. J Comput Assist Tomogr 25 327-336... 

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