Nobel Prize nomenclature

Nitrocellulose foils as standards of thickness, 297-300 Nobel Prize awards, 2 Noise, from amplifier, 59, 60 from multiplier phototube, pulse-height selection for removal, 219 Nomenclature of x-ray analytical instruments, 124, 125... 

A watershed observation was reported by Pedersen in 1967 based on studies performed at DuPont Central Research. Pedersen noted that the cyclic polyether called 18-crown-6 formed remarkably tight complexes with simple cations like K. The "crown" nomenclature arose because of the shape of the complex, with six oxygens binding the cation in a characteristic macrocyclic shape (Figure 4.6). The seminal observations of Pedersen were brilliantly exploited by other workers, most notably Cram and Lehn, and these three shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in chemistry for this work. "Host-guest" chemistry was born, with the crown ether serving as a molecular host to the cationic guest. 

The nanomaterials chapter is also carefully surveyed, focusing on nomenclature, synthetic techniques, and applications taken from the latest scientific literature. The 2nd edition has been significantly updated to now include nanotoxicity, vapor-phase growth of 0-D nanostructures, and more details regarding synthetic techniques and mechanisms for solution-phase growth of various nanomaterials. Graphene, recognized by the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics, is now also included in this edition. 

Stock devoted much of his later life to investigating the causes and prevention of mercury poisoning, which he called Quecksilbervergifiung. Stock, who never received the Nobel Prize, designed and first published in 1919 a system of inorganic nomenclature. Fittingly, in honor of this important chemist, this system is still referred to as the Stock nomenclature of modem inorganic chemistry. This is the system you learned in introductory chemistry in which compounds such as Til and... 

Olefins played the principal role in the unprecedented, explosive burst of creativity, invention, and successful development that occurred in the latter half of the 20th century and gave the world a new class of polymers, a family of new plastics, a family of new synthetic rubbers a new class of catalysts (Ziegler-Natta coordination catalysts), and a new nomenclature (isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic) [1], This period of discovery also spawned two Nobel prizes, thousands of patents, thousands of scientific papers, not to mention dozens of lawsuits [1],... 

Olah received the Nobel Prize in 1994 for proving its existence. Note that some textbooks still use erroneous nomenclature. Cations are very reactive, but can be stabilized by inductive or resonance effects. Resonance stabilization is illustrated in benzyl and allyl cations (Figures 1.6 and 1.7). The double bond in the ally lie cation is also in sp hybridization, with the p orbitals overlapping. Sp hybridization in ethylene is shown in Figure 1.8. 

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