Nobel Laureates in Chemistry and Physics

Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physics were awarded starting in 1901. In this chapter (the first mention of the name of a Nobel Laureate in the running text will be followed by the notation (NLP xxxx ) or (NLCxxxx ) where NLP and NLC stand for Nobel Laureate Physics and Nobel Laureate Chemistry respectively while xxxx notes the year of the award. 

He traveled again to Princeton to see Einstein. They worked up another letter and sent it under Einstein s signature to Sachs. It emphasized the secret German uranium research at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, about which they had learned from the physical chemist Peter Debye, the 1936 Nobel laureate in chemistry and director of the physics institute at Dahlem, who had been expelled recently to the United States, ostensibly... 

Walther Hermann Nemst, the great German scientist, Nobel laureate in Chemistry, and father of the Third Law of Thermodynamics, had two Florentine disciples Luigi Rolla and Giorgio Piccardi. The latter became professor of physical chemistiy at the University of Florence. Piccardi had studied fluctuating phenomena well before Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003). His best disciple, later successor, was Enzo Ferroni who, upon Piccardi s retirement, was promoted to the Chair of Physical Chemistry at the Universily of Florence. Ferroni had also served as director of the Department of Chemistiy and Professor of Physical Chemistry at the Universily of Cagliari, Sardinia. 

The symposium featured 36 invited speakers and 82 contributed presentations addressing issues in production, storage, distribution, safety, education, and economics. Professor John B. Fenn, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry addressed the opening session. The symposium was sponsored by Virginia Commonwealth University and endorsed by American Physical Society, Materials Research Society, and American Chemical Society. 

The idea of energy quantization weis brought into chemistry with the application of quantum theory to the electronic structure of atoms in 1913 by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962, 1922 Nobel laureate in Physics). At the time, Bohr was working in the laboratory of the New Zealand physidst Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937, 1909 Nobel laureate in Chemistry) in England, a short time after the nuclear structure for the atom had been established by Rutherford and his co-workers. Classical electromagnetic theory predicted that the electrons around the nucleus. 

Paul Sabatier (Carcassone, 5 November 1854-Toulouse, 14 August 1941) entered the ficole Normale Superieure in 1874. After a year as professor in the Lycee in Nimes he became assistant to Berthelot at the College de France, where he took his doctorate in 1880 with a thesis on the metallic sulphides. After a year at Bordeaux, he became assistant professor of physics, and in 1883 of chemistry, at Toulouse, becoming professor of chemistry there in 1884 at the early age of thirty. In Toulouse, in spite of an offer to succeed Moissan at the Sorbonne in 1908, Sabatier stayed for the rest of his life. He became dean of the faculty of science in 1905. He was an excellent and very popular teacher, and long after his retirement, in fact nearly to the end of his life, he continued to lecture. He became correspondant of the Academy of Sciences in 1901 and the first non-resident member in 1913. He was Nobel laureate in chemistry in 1912, Davy medallist of the Royal Society in 1912 and foreign member of the... 

Phil. Mag., 1899, xlvii, 109-63 (January Cambridge). Ernest Rutherford (Brightwater, nr. Nelson, New Zealand, 30 August 1871-Cambridge, 10 October 1937) studied with J. J. Thomson (1895) and was professor of physics in Montreal (1898), Manchester (1907) and Cambridge (1919), Nobel laureate in chemistry (1908), knighted 1914, O.M. 1925, president of the Royal Society (1925-30), Baron Rutherford of Nelson 1931. 

Frederic Soddy (Eastbourne, 2 September 1877-Brighton, 21 September 1956) studied in University College, Aberystwyth, and Merton College, Oxford. He was demonstrator in chemistry in McGill University, Montreal, where he worked with Rutherford (1900-2), lecturer in physical chemistry and radioactivity in Glasgow University (1904-14), professor of physical chemistry in the University of Aberdeen (1914-19) and in Oxford (1919-36) F.R.S. 1910, Nobel laureate in chemistry 1921. In later life he did no scientific work of importance but became interested in sociology and economics, on which he wrote books. The hypothesis of a transformation of radioactive atoms had been proposed by Mme. Curie as an alternative explanation of radioactivity in 1899 ... 

The authors realize that many other Nobel Laureates in chemistry have made notable contributions that have impacted the development and understanding of polymer science but those listed here seem to us to be of particular importance. In addition, Nobel Prizes in physics also have encompassed the field of polymer science. Most recently for example, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes received the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery that mathematical methods to describe simple systems can be extended to complex forms of matter including liquid crystals and polymers. 

This review of the chemistry and physics of microparticles and their characterization is by no means comprehensive, for the very large range of masses that can be studied with the electrodynamic balance makes it possible to explore the spectroscopy of atomic ions. This field is a large one, and Nobel laureates Hans Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul have labored long in that fruitful scientific garden. The application of particle levitation to atmospheric aerosols, to studies of Knudsen aerosol phenomena, and to heat and mass transfer in the free-molecule regime would require as much space as this survey. 

Fig. 1.1 Jacob van t Hoff (1852—1911). The Dutch chemist. One of the founders of physical chemistry, chemical kinetics, and stereochemistry. The first Nobel Prize Laureate in chemistry (1901)...

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