NO clinical uses

No clinical use, used in some medicinal drugs to solubilize active compounds. 

MDMA (Ecstasy) No clinical uses, although it has been used for psychotherapy recreational use widespread acute hyperthermic problems midweek depression during neurochemical depletion long-term problems include neurotoxicity, memory/cognitive deficits and a range of psychiatric problems. 

Strychnine No clinical uses since it is lethal at low doses present as an impurity in some recreational drugs produced in illicit laboratories its presence as a low-dose impurity of LSD tablets may generate alertness. 

Caffeine No clinical uses the most widely used social psychoactive drug in the world few health problems at low and moderate doses high doses can cause nervousness and disrupt sleep. 

The formation and release of interferon by viral and other pathological stimulation has resulted in a search for chemical inducers of endogenous interferon. Administration of a wide range of compounds has resulted in induction of interferon production. However, no clinically useful compounds have been found for humans, although tilorone is effective in inducing interferon in mice. 

Metallic gallium and its salts have little or no toxicity, compared to the very toxic thallium salts. The toxicity of the aluminum ion is controversial. The gallium ion has been investigated as a possible antitumor agent, but no clinically useful compounds have been produced, see also Inorganic Chemistry Mendeleev, Dimitri Semiconductors. 

MIC is a member of the isocyanate family of chemicals. The high chemical reactivity of isocyanates is central to their toxicity as well as commercial uses. No clinical use of isocyanates has so far been demonstrated. In view of these considerations, this section will elaborate in some detail the relationship between the structure of MIC and other isocyanates, and between their physicochemical properties and toxicities. 

Calcium channel blockers inhibit the passage of calcium through the membrane charmels the result in myocardial cells is to depress contractility, and in pacemaker cells to suppress their automatic activity. Members of the group therefore may have negative cardiac inotropic and chronotropic actions. These actions can be separated nifedipine, at therapeutic concentrations, acts almost exclusively on noncardiac ion charmels and has no clinically useful anti-arrhythmic activity whilst verapamil is a useful antiarrhythmic. 

Substances of toxicological significance Monofluoro-acetate Aconitase (tricarboxylic acid, (,Dichapetalum Krebs cycle) cymosum) No clinical uses Becomes incorporated into fluoroacetyl coenzyme A, which condenses with oxaloacetate to form fluorocitrate ( lethal synthesis )... 

Acetylcholine has virtually no clinical uses. Its rapid rate of hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract precludes oral administration, and a similarly rapid hydrolysis by esterases in the blood and by acetylcholinesterase in the nervous tissue limits its usefulness. 

Very little is known about IgD, and no clear function has yet been attributed to this class. Apart from IgD myeloma, personal assays in over 2000 sera have provided no clinically useful information. 

I Full and partial inverse agonists inhibit the action of GABA. They act in the opposite way to a typical BDZ and reduce Cl" influx. There are no clinically useful dmgs in this category at present. However, in patients with panic disorder, flumazenil may act like a partial inverse agonist and cause an increase in anxiety symptoms. 

Despite the fact that most of the molecular details of the disease are probably known and many proposed remedies exist, there are to date no clinically useful antisickling drugs available for treatment. Compounds that seemed promising in in vitro models failed in clinical trials. 

These have widespread actions because they stimulate nicotinic receptors on both parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglionic neurones. Sympathetic effects include vasoconstriction, tachycardia and hypertension. PiU-asympaihctic effects include increased motility of the gut and increased salivary and bronchial secretion. Hiey have no clinical use.s. 

There are currently no clinically used methods for the detection of oxidative metabolism in To address this deficiency, 0-17 MRI techniques... 

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