Nitrous oxide carrier

Halothane and methoxyflurane are volatile and are used in a vaporizer and deflvered to the animal via an oxygen carrier. Both agents can be dehvered with nitrous oxide [14522-82-8], a mild anesthetic that when combined with halothane or methoxyflurane can induce anesthesia faster than... 

Nitrous oxide can be analyzed by GC on a molecular sieve column using a thermal conductivity detector and helium as carrier gas. It may be identified by GC/MS from its mass spectra. The molecular ion is 44. Also, it can be oxidized to NO and identified by the brown-ring test, using FeS04 solution, (see Nitric Oxide.)... 

Nitrous oxide is used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. It is widely used as carrier gas for other volatile agents in general anaesthesia. The usual concentra-... 

MAC values of the inhaled anesthetics are additive. For example, nitrous oxide (60-70%) can be used as a carrier gas producing 40% of a MAC, thereby decreasing the anesthetic requirement of both volatile and intravenous anesthetics. The addition of nitrous oxide (60% tension, 40% MAC) to 70% of a volatile agent s MAC would yield a total of 110% of a MAC, a value sufficient for surgical anesthesia in most patients. 

As the focus of this review is on copper-dioxygen chemistry, we shall briefly summarize major aspects of the active site chemistry of those proteins involved in 02 processing. The active site structure and chemistry of hemocyanin (He, 02 carrier) and tyrosinase (Tyr, monooxygenase) will be emphasized, since the chemical studies described herein are most relevant to their function. The major classes of these proteins and their origins, primary functions, and leading references are provided in Table 1. Other classes of copper proteins not included here are blue electron carriers [13], copper-thiolate proteins (metallothioneines) [17], and NO reductases (e.g., nitrite [NIR] [18] or nitrous oxide [19]). 

Many ruthenium nitrosyl complexes are well characterized and appear to act as NO+ carriers. For example the bipyridyl complex [Ru(bipy)2(NO)Cl] + reacts with azide ion to give the aquo complex, nitrogen and nitrous oxide... 

Occasionally, gastrointestinal disorders have been related to the use of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, possibly through binding of nitrous oxide, causing gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm (9,20). 

However, Szulczewski and Higuchi °" were successful in using silica gel. They also had no difficulty in resolving nitrous oxide and CO2 on a column 6 ft in length. Helium was used as a carrier gas and the column was operated at room temperature for this later separation, but at the... 

Anaerobic Growth. In the absence of molecular oxygen, electron flow is dependent on the availability of N-oxides that may serve as alternative electron acceptors 8,10,44, 45, 46). At the shift from oxygen limitation to anaerobiosis, the makeup of the respiratory network drastically changes. The expression of nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide reductases as well as of the blue copper-containing electron carrier pseudoazurin is established, and in a concerted action these terminal oxidoreductases couple the removal of electrons from the respiratory network to the reduction of the corresponding... 

When denitrifying bacteria are grown anaerobically on nitrite, nitrogen gas is usually released. However, if cell-free extracts are incubated under anaerobic conditions with nitrite, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide are produced in addition to nitrogen. The reduction of nitrite to nitrogen requires the participation of both soluble and particulate components and NADH or respiratory intermediates such as succinate or lactate (Naik and Nicholas, 1966 Lam and Nicholas, 1969 Payne et al., 1971 Cox and Payne, 1973). When deoxycholate solubilized preparations are used, artificial electron carriers such as reduced viologen dyes or flavins must be used (Radcliffe and Nicholas, 1%8). 

PEI has also been employed as a carrier of nitrous oxide to modulate tissue growth. The soluble covalent PEI-NO conjugates (Scheme 2.15) rapidly released their cargo, but when crosslinked with a PEO-PPOPEO block copolymer into a hydrogel, sustained release was achieved. A similar NO release system was shown to exhibit antimicrobial properties. ... 

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