Stability nitroglycerine powder

On heating nitroglycerine powder of a ballistite type to a temperature of 95°C in a Dewar vessel without a stabilizer, de Bruin [58] obtained the following data on temperature rise ... 

Such substances as vaseline (added to nitroglycerine powders of the cordite type), castor oil and rosin are also capable of stabilizing powder. 

During World War II N-arylurethanes were extensively used for the manufacture of nitroglycerine powder, e.g. ethylphenylurethane, diphenylurethane, otolylure-thane, also, to a lesser extent, N-arylsubstituted amides of aliphatic acids, e.g. formyl-diphenylamine were used. The latter was used in Japan [33] as gelatinizer and stabilizer. 

Centralite I, II and III are used as -> Stabilizers in gunpowders, especially in nitroglycerine powders (- Double Base Propellants). It is insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. 

Mixed acids and spent acids, for use in explosives, examination of, 15 Monobel powder, stability lest for, 73 Moitochloihydrin in nitroglycerine, 13 Moncriitronaphthalene, 47 Mordant tor fuses, 155... 

The fluid plasticizer (solvent) consists of an energetic compound, eg, nitroglycerin, an inert carrier, and a stabilizer. The system is evacuated to remove volatiles, moisture, and air, and the plasticizer is then pressurized and passed slowly upward through the powder bed while the powder is held stationary by a pressure plate on the powder column. Casting solvent may also be added from the top of the mold. 

DuPont in the U.S. developed about 1909, a smokeless powder from cotton of relatively low nitrogen that was quite soluble in ether alcohol. A small amount of diphenylamine was used as a stabilizer. After forming the grains and removing the liquid, a coating of graphite was added to make the smokeless powder that was used in the U.S. Other double-base types contain about 25% nitroglycerin. Cotton lint for nitration has been replaced by purified wood cellulose. 

In addition to the testing methods common to nitric esters (nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine) and smokeless powder there are also methods used exclusively for testing the stability of smokeless powders. 

Diphenylamine is not used for stabilizing powders containing nitroglycerine since it hydrolyses this ester. Diphenylamine also causes the decomposition of higher nitrated aromatic compounds and therefore should not be used in powders containing such compounds. 

As early as 1867 Abel [73] realized that nitrocellulose tends to decompose in an acid medium, and suggested that sodium carbonate should be added to it to neutralize the acid products of the decomposition of the impurities in the powder or of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine per se. However more than 2% sodium carbonate in the powder proved detrimental—due to its strongly alkaline reaction it impairs the stability of the powder. 

Ballistites initially consisted of equal amounts by weight of nitroglycerine and soluble nitrocellulose CP2 with the addition of aniline or diphenylamine as stabilizers. It was found, however, that the presence of aniline and diphenylamine is detrimental to the stability of the powder, and they were therefore omitted. The valuable properties of centralite as a solvent of low basicity were then recognized and it was used both for its ability to dissolve the nitrocellulose and for its stabilizing action. 

In the U.S.S.R. a type of solventless powder was introduced in which organic nitro compounds, e.g. DNT, partly replaced the nitroglycerine. DNT acts as a non-volatile solvent and as a stabilizer. Since it also reduces the heat of explosion these powders are either flashless or partly so. 

Nitroglycerine is a very powerful secondary explosive with a high brisance, i.e. shattering effect, and it is one of the most important and frequently-used components for gelatinous commercial explosives. Nitroglycerine also provides a source of high energy in propellant compositions, and in combination with nitrocellulose and stabilizers it is the principal component of explosive powders and solid rocket propellants. 

Finally the purified, stabilized and filtered nitroglycerine is transported from the store to the departments where it is required for further manufacturing processes (to make dynamite or smokeless powder). When required for smokeless powder manufacture, nitroglycerine can be transported as an aqueous emulsion by means... 

In propellant chemistry, especially so in the case of nitrocellulose-containing powders, the stabilizers employed are compounds which, owing to their chemical structure, prevent the acid-catalyzed decomposition of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, and similar nitrate esters. 

Uses Addition of 3-5 per cent camphor to blasting gelatine rednces the sensitiveness to detonation and makes it more resistant to mechanical influences. It is used for the same purpose in double-base powders containing nitroglycerine, where it also acts as a stabilizer. 

Uses As a stabilizer and as a deterrent for smokeless powder. To facilitate the gelatinization of collodion cotton with nitroglycerine. 

Butanotriol is nitrated to trinitrate with a nitric -sulphuric acid mixture. The nitrated product shows good stability. Il is less volatile than nitroglycerine and according to. Meyer is in use for tropic-proof double base powder. 

Nitroglycerine is one of the most important and most frequently used components of explosive materials together with nitroglycol, it is the major component of gelatinous industrial explosives. In combination with nitrocellulose and stabilizers, it is the principal component of powders, gun propellants and smokeless solid rocket propellants (- double base propellants). 

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