Detonation rate nitroglycerine

The water content is varied to control the detonation velocity. For example a solution containing N2H5N03 70%, N2H4 7% and NH3 14% has a density of 1.31, detonation rate 8100 m/sec, fp -8°F and a viscosity of 12 cp. Variable amounts of perchlorates give impact sensitivities of 45-85 Kg/cm (nitroglycerin =... 

Rate of detonation. The rate of explosion of a liquid explosive may vary within wide limits. Thus, according to numerous experiments it has been established that for liquid nitroglycerine the order of the explosion rate is 1000-8000 m/sec. The detonation rate of solid nitroglycerine, on the other side, does not vary in this way. It amounts 8000 m/sec at the maximum density of loading. 

Nitroglycerine emulsified with a sufficiently large amount of water does not detonate. An emulsion of nitroglycerine can, however, detonate if it is composed of 150 parts (or less) of water and 100 parts of nitroglycerine, as reported by M6dard [96]. The detonation rates of emulsions, when initiated with a No. 8 detonator are as follows ... 

The detonation rate of 92% dinitroglycerine blasting gelatine is 3300 m/sec, according to Blochmann [9] the corresponding value for nitroglycerine being 7000 m/sec. 

The detonation velocities of confined and unconfined nitroglycerine and nitroglycol explosives have very different values these values are known as upper and lower detonation velocities respectively. The velocity measured in a steel pipe confinement is not attained in a borehole. Special seismic explosives (e.g. - Geosit) detonate at the same high detonation rate as measured in the steel pipe, whether confined or not. 

Nitroglycerine and later TNT were early explosives in which all the necessary elements were in one molecule. Because the fuel and oxygen source are in one molecule, it can burn faster than a mixture. In essence, TNT has a faster detonation rate of 22,600 feet per second than, say, black powder at 1500 feet per second. 

In section 5.2, you used a coffee-cup calorimeter to determine the quantity of heat that was released or absorbed in a chemical reaction. Coffee-cup calorimeters are generally used only for dilute aqueous solutions. There are many non-aqueous chemical reactions, however. There are also many reactions that release so much energy they are not safe to perform using a coffee-cup calorimeter. Imagine trying to determine the enthalpy of reaction for the detonation of nitroglycerin, an unstable and powerfully explosive compound. Furthermore, there are reactions that occur too slowly for the calorimetric method to be practical. (You will learn more about rates of reactions in the next chapter.)... 

It is a very powerful explosive (the rate of detonation at a density of 0.80 in a cartridge 10 mm dia. is 4060 m/sec, and the lead block expansion is 390 cm3) but it is not sufficiently stable since its ignition temperature is only slightly above its melting point. It is also very sensitive to impact—like nitroglycerine. 

The rate of detonation undergoes similar variations. E.g. dynamite consisting of 62.5% nitroglycerine, 3.5% collodion cotton, 28% potassium perchlorate and 6 % woodmeal detonates with a rate of 7000 m/sec immediately after mixing. In... 

Type I—dynamites and rock explosives. The chief ingredients of the latter are ammonium nitrate, nitroglycerine and TNT. Their rate of detonation at a density of 1.1 is about 3800m/sec, their transmission distance 6 cm. 

For a 75% Kieselguhr dynamite made from dinitroglycerine the rate of detonation is 4300 m/sec (with nitroglycerine it is 6800 m/sec). 

The rate of detonation of dinitrochlorohydrin is lower than that of nitroglycerine, but no exact data have been reported. 

Nitroglycol, like nitroglycerine, can detonate with high or low velocity. The following figures indicate the rate of detonation ... 

Solid propellants may be classified as monopropellants or composite propellants. Monopropellants are substances in which the fuel and oxidizer are both contained within the same molecule or at least in a single phase. These materials may either burn slowly at subsonic rates or may decompose rapidly in detonation. Depending on the use to which this type of material is put, it may be classified either as propellant or high explosive. In general, useful monopropellants are difficult to detonate. The typical example of a monopropellant is the so-called double-base propellant. This substance consists of nitrocellulose which has been colloidized by nitroglycerine along with various minor constituents which have been added to... 

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