Nitrogen recovery

Maurer, M., Muncke, J. and T.A. Larsen, Technologies for nitrogen recovery and reuse, Chapter 24 in Water recycling and resource recovery in industry Analysis, technologies and implementation, Edited by P.Lens et al. IWA publishing, 2002, ISBN 1 84339 005 1. 

The semimicro Kjeldahl-Gunning method (ASTM D-3179 ISO 333) has become a widely used method for determining nitrogen in coal, but there is some doubt about whether or not nitrogen recovery is complete by this procedure. In fact, the fate of nitrogen in the Kjeldahl method depends on its chemical form in the coal, the inorganic compounds added to catalyze the hydrolysis, and the amounts and types of compounds used to raise the boiling point of the mixture. 

Figure 8.25 Nitrogen recovery as a function of product nitrogen concentration for membranes with selectivities between 2 and 20...

Aldicarb and oxidative metabolites Open tubular column Nitrogen- Recoveries phosphorus 95% to 105% type lligL [431]... 

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. has been selected to supply a hydrocarbon and nitrogen recovery system for a new polyethylene manufacturing plant in Baytown, TX. The plant will be owned by Chevron Phillips Chemical Company and Solvay Polymers, Inc. The recovery system uses partial condensation in conjunction with Air Products pressure swing adsorption technology to recover hydrocarbons in the polyolefin plants, and recycle nitrogen with a purity of greater than 99%55. 

Diniz, M. F., and Martin, A. M. 1997. Optimization of nitrogen recovery in the enzymatic hydrolysis of dogfish (Squalus acanthias) protein. Composition of the hydrolysates. Ini. J. Food Sci. Nutri., 48,191-200. 

Liaset, B., Nortvedt, R., Lied, E., and Espe, M. 2002. Studies on the nitrogen recovery in enzymic hydrolysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) frames by Protamex protease. Process Biochem., 37,1263-1269. 

Mass recovery from the separation was 85% but nitrogen recovery was much less, 70%. The material retained on the silicagel, consequently, appears to be highly polar and high in nitrogen. 

Nitrogen recovery with a single column plant configuration is only... 

Operating cost is primarily the cost of power to operate the air compressor. This is easily calculated for a system once nitrogen recovery is specified by the membrane vendor. 

Open field experiments were also conducted at the New Jersey Experiment Station by Lipman et al. (1928) during the period 1908 to 1927. The percent nitrogen recoveries for the 20-year period from limed soils were calcium nitrate 42, ammonium sulfate 42, calcium cyanamide 36, sodium nitrate 33, fish scrap 26, tankage 26, and manure 12. On the unlimed soils the recoveries in the same order were 32, 21, 33, 37, 37, 21, and 17%. 

The experiment of Boawn et al. (1960) is of unusual interest because it was conducted under irrigated conditions in a dry-land region where there was no leaching. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate were applied at rates of 40 to 160 lb. per acre annually for four years and then two unfertilized crops followed. The nitrogen recoveries for the three nitrogen sources in the order mentioned were 88, 86 and 83%. 

When the channels by which nitrogen is lost from soils are under discussion the matter of losses by erosion is commonly not mentioned. This is not because of failure to recognize the importance of this source of loss but rather because there are few data that show accurately the magnitude of this factor, and also because nearly all experiments designed to measure nitrogen recovery are conducted either in the greenhouse, in lysimeters, or on level areas of field soils where erosion does not occur. 

FIL filtration, e.g., sand filtration BIO biological treatment and nitrification/denitrification UF ultrafiltration for biomass retention ADS adsorption, e.g., activated carbon adsorption OX oxidation, e.g., ozonation RO reverse osmosis NF nanofiltration DC ion exchange EVA evaporation DRY dryings EXT external concentrate removal N2 nitrogen recovery, e.g., ammonia stripping. Source [17],... 

Figure 1.5 Applications of membrane systems. (Source Prism Gas Separation Systems, Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA.) Gaseous components and systems include argon, helium, hydrogen, carbon monoxide/syngas, nitrogen, oxygen, CO,-removal, H,S-removal, dehydration. Capacity for nitrogen recovery is up to 35,000 SCF/hr for 97% purity, and about one-tenth of this for 99+% purity.

HTO method appears to be the most promising one for organic nitrogen determination in water samples. The automation of the analysis, the high-nitrogen recoveries in the natural samples and in most of the reference materials, the high sensibility of the chemiluminescent... 

Nitrogen Recovery with Membranes 2.2.3.1 Physical Principle... 

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