Nitrogen primary

Cyclic amines unsubstituted on the nitrogen Primary aminest... 

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines have one, two, and three carbon groups respectively bonded to the amine nitrogen. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have one, two, and three carbon groups respectively bonded to the carbon bearing the -OH group. 

Fisher, T. R., P. R. Carlson, and R. T. Barber. 1982. Carbon and nitrogen primary productivity in three North Carolina estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 15 621—644. 

Nitrogen, primary amines -10.5 Oxygen, higher ethers 11.0... 

Amines are compounds in which one or more of the hydrogens of ammonia have been replaced by alkyl groups. Smaller amines are characterized by their fishy odors. Fermented shark, for example, a traditional dish in Iceland, smells exactly like trieth-ylamine. There are primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines. The classification depends on how many alkyl groups are bonded to the nitrogen. Primary amines have one alkyl group bonded to the nitrogen, secondary amines have two, and tertiary amines have three. 

Another way of naming amines is by the Chemical Abstracts system, in which the suffix -amine is used after the name of the longest alkane chain attached to the nitrogen. Primary and secondary amines are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with each other. The following example illustrates this ... 

In addition to the characteristic C=0 stretching absorption of amides, primary and secondary amides also have N—H stretching absorptions in the 3200-3400 cm region. Amides without alkyl or aryl groups bonded to nitrogen (primary amides) have two N—H absorptions secondary amides have one N—H absorption. Of course, tertiary amides have no absorption in this r ion. Figures 21.6 and 21.7 show the infrared spectra of acetamide, a primary amide, and Af-methylacetamide, a secondary amide. 

Vacuum distillation of the atmospheric residue complements primary distillation, enabli r.ecoyery of heavy distillate cuts from atmospheric residue that will un r o further conversion or will serve as lube oil bases. The vacuum residue containing most of the crude contaminants (metals, salts, sediments, sulfur, nitrogen, asphaltenes, Conradson carbon, etc.) is used in asphalt manufacture, for heavy fuel-oil, or for feed for others conversion processes. 

They are readily hydrolysed by boiling dilute hydrochloric acid and the original amine can be recovered by neutralisation with alkali and steam distillation. Primary aliphatic amines liberate nitrogen with nitrous acid whilst tertiary amines are unaffected. 

The final product may, however, result from primary nitrogen attack followed by rearrangement (163. 165). 

The amine must be primary (RNH2) or secondary (R2NH) Tertiary amines (R3N) can not form amides because they have no proton on nitrogen that can be replaced by an acyl group... 

Unlike alcohols and alkyl halides which are classified as primary secondary or tertiary according to the degree of substitution at the carbon that bears the functional group amines are classified according to their degree of substitution at nitrogen An amine with... 

Amines are named m two mam ways m the lUPAC system either as alkylamines or as alkanamines When primary amines are named as alkylamines the ending amine IS added to the name of the alkyl group that bears the nitrogen When named as alkan amines the alkyl group is named as an alkane and the e ending replaced by amine... 

Secondary and tertiary amines are named as N substituted derivatives of primary amines The parent primary amine is taken to be the one with the longest carbon chain The prefix N is added as a locant to identify substituents on the ammo nitrogen as needed... 

Phthalimide with a of 8 3 can be quantitatively converted to its potassium salt with potassium hydroxide The potassium salt of phthalimide has a negatively charged nitrogen atom which acts as a nucleophile toward primary alkyl halides m a bimolecu lar nucleophilic substitution (Sn2) process... 

The preparation of amines by the methods described m this section involves the prior synthesis and isolation of some reducible material that has a carbon-nitrogen bond an azide a nitrile a nitro substituted arene or an amide The following section describes a method that combines the two steps of carbon-nitrogen bond formation and reduction into a single operation Like the reduction of amides it offers the possibility of prepar mg primary secondary or tertiary amines by proper choice of starting materials... 

A class of nitrogen containing compounds that was omitted from the section just dis cussed includes mines and their derivatives Immes are formed by the reaction of aide hydes and ketones with ammonia Immes can be reduced to primary amines by catalytic hydrogenation... 

Figure 22 5 shows what happens when a typical primary alkylamine reacts with nitrous acid Because nitrogen free products result from the formation and decomposition of diazonium ions these reactions are often referred to as deamination reactions Alkyl... 

FIGURE 22 5 The diazo mum ion generated by treatment of a primary al kylamine with nitrous acid loses nitrogen to give a car bocation The isolated prod ucts are derived from the carbocation and include in this example alkenes (by loss of a proton) and an al cohol (nucleophilic capture by water)... 

Primary arylamines like primary alkylammes form diazonium ion salts on nitro sation Aryl diazonium 10ns are considerably more stable than their alkyl counterparts Whereas alkyl diazonium 10ns decompose under the conditions of their formation aryl diazonium salts are stable enough to be stored m aqueous solution at 0-5°C for a rea sonable time Loss of nitrogen from an aryl diazonium ion generates an unstable aryl cation and is much slower than loss of nitrogen from an alkyl diazonium ion... 

The shape of a large protein is influenced by many factors including of course Its primary and secondary structure The disulfide bond shown m Figure 27 18 links Cys 138 of carboxypeptidase A to Cys 161 and contributes to the tertiary structure Car boxypeptidase A contains a Zn " ion which is essential to the catalytic activity of the enzyme and its presence influences the tertiary structure The Zn ion lies near the cen ter of the enzyme where it is coordinated to the imidazole nitrogens of two histidine residues (His 69 His 196) and to the carboxylate side chain of Glu 72... 

---