Nitrogen oxides, formation

Explosives containing improperly stabilized ingredients such as NC or NG, decompose in storage, especially at tropical temperatures, with evolution of nitrogen oxides, formation of nitric... 

What is the immunological significance and the mechanism of this stimulation of nitrogen oxide formation in response to bacterial products The answers to these questions originate in an extensive body of medical and immunological literature prior to 1987. 

Analytical potency method development should be performed to the extent that it is sufficient for its intended purpose. It is important to understand and know the molecular structure of the analyte during the method development process, as this will facilitate the identification of potential degradation impurities. For example, an impurity of M + 16 in the mass spectrum of a sample may indicate the probability of a nitrogen oxide formation. Upon successful completion of method development, the potency method will then be validated to show proof that it is suitable for its intended purpose. Finally, the method validated will be transferred to the quality control laboratory in preparation for the launch of the drug substance or drug product. 

P. Glarborg, R.J. Kee, and J.A. Miller. Kinetic Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis on Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Well Stirred Reactors. Combust. Flame, 65 177-202, 1986. 

The gas-heated reformer (GHR) reduces the need for the high pressure steam system associated with the primary reformer and also minimizes or eliminates nitrogen oxide formation. The GHR is discussed in more detail in Chapter 5. 

This mechanism of NO formation is believed to be basic for burning lean mixtures, when the Fenimore mechanism is already inefficient because of absence of CH radicals. Reaction (88), being termolecular, notably accelerates at high pressures and is considered to be limiting in this case. Relatively low activation energies of reactions (88) and (89) make this mechanism responsible for nitrogen oxides formation at low temperatures and pressure of several MPa, when the thermal nitrogen oxides are not virtually formed. Since coal is burnt, as a rule, at the pressure close to atmospheric, this mechanism may not be considered below. 

Based on the above said, MEIS intended for study of nitrogen oxides formation in the process of torch combustion of coal at constant P and T can be written as follows ... 

Since generation of the atomic nitrogen is a limiting stage in the process of NO formation in these conditions, we can suppose that in terms of other faster reactions the equilibrium condition dxN/dr = 03 is satisfied for it (xN here is some equilibrium value of nitrogen radical content in the reaction region). Then the rate of nitrogen oxide formation (96) can be written as the equality ... 

System (108) determines constraints on nitrogen oxide formation on the basis of the three indicated mechanisms. Formation of thermal NO, however, continues after the burning of volatile components of coal up to some decrease in the reaction medium temperature5. Therefore, the right-hand side of the first inequality of system (108) should be supplemented with the quantity —the amount of thermal NO formed in the whole... 

The studies on NO formation by the traditional MEIS have been performed at Melentiev Energy Systems Institute for a long time. In parallel with MEIS the use was made of kinetic models and full-scale experiments that assisted in turn to gain information for variant calculations on MEIS. The results of these calculations allowed the conditions for nitrogen oxides formation by different mechanisms to be determined and the ways for improvement of coal combustion technology to increase environmental safety of boiler units to be outlined. 

Theory of electric circuits (Kirchhoff), 7 Thermal nitrogen oxides, formation of, 55 Thermodynamic Lyapunov functions, 3... 

Beer, J. M., A. F. Sarofim, L, D, Timothy, S. P. Hanson, A. Gupta, and J. M. Levy, "Two phase processes involved in the control of nitrogen oxide formation in fossil fuel flames," Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NO Control, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Electee Power Research Institute, IERL-RTP-1086, Vol. 4, pp. 43-83, October 1980. 

Use of ceramic fiber burners with natural gas can result in reduced emissions of nitrogen oxide. Ceramic fiber burners can lead to a high radiative heat transfer and thus a lower flue gas temperature, which in turn results in lower nitrogen monoxide emission. The nitrogen oxide formation depends on the flue gas temperature in a more or less exponential manner. Thus, a reduced flue gas temperature results in a reduced NO, production. Ceramic fiber burners can thus lead to less NO, than conventional burners. 

Aho, M.J., HSmalainen, J.P., Tummavuori, J.L. (1993) Importance of Solid Fuel Properties to Nitrogen Oxide Formation Through HCN and NHj in Smalt Particle Combustion. Combust. Flame, 95, 22-30. 

Aho, M, HamSleinen, J. Tummavuori, J. (1993) Importance of solid fuel properties to nitrogen oxide formation through HCN and NHj in small particle combustion. Combustion and Flame, 95, pp. 22-30. 

Bowman, C.T. Gas phase reaction mechanisms for nitrogen oxide formation and removal in combustion. In Pollutants From Combustion Formation and Impact on Atmospheric Chemistry Vovelle, C., Ed. NATO Science Series C Kluwer Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2000. 

---