Fuel nitrogen oxides, formation

Beer, J. M., A. F. Sarofim, L, D, Timothy, S. P. Hanson, A. Gupta, and J. M. Levy, "Two phase processes involved in the control of nitrogen oxide formation in fossil fuel flames," Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NO Control, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Electee Power Research Institute, IERL-RTP-1086, Vol. 4, pp. 43-83, October 1980. 

Aho, M.J., HSmalainen, J.P., Tummavuori, J.L. (1993) Importance of Solid Fuel Properties to Nitrogen Oxide Formation Through HCN and NHj in Smalt Particle Combustion. Combust. Flame, 95, 22-30. 

Aho, M, HamSleinen, J. Tummavuori, J. (1993) Importance of solid fuel properties to nitrogen oxide formation through HCN and NHj in small particle combustion. Combustion and Flame, 95, pp. 22-30. 

A detailed understanding of nitrogen oxide formation during the combustion of fossil fuels has been achieved by... 

For fuel-air mixtures, the approximate estimates show that inequality (9) is met in charges of larger size (10 m for detonation products of a stoichiometric propane-air mixture) due to two reasons to lower temperatures, and consequently, longer equilibration times, and to slow reactions of nitrogen oxide formation and destruction. 

Lamp Method the sample is burned in a closed system in an atmosphere of 70% CO2 and 30% oxygen in order to avoid formation of nitrogen oxides. This method was to have been abandoned as it takes three hours to carry out, but remains officially required for jet fuel sulfur analysis. 

New low-NO, burners are effective in reducing emissions from both new power plants and existing plants that are being retrofitted. Low NO, burners limit the formation of nitrogen oxides by controlling the mixing of fuel and air, in effect... 

There are well over 100 gaseous and aqueous phase reactions that can lead to acid formation and more than fifty oxidizing agents and catalysts may be involved. However, in the simplest terms sulfur in fuels is oxidized to SO2, and SO2 in the atmosphere is further oxidized and hydrolyzed to sulfuric acid. Most nitric acid is formed by the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) to NO. (NO and NO2) during high temperature combustion, followed by further oxidation and hydrolysis that produces nitric acid in the atmosphere. These materials can be dry-... 

In contrast to carbon monoxide, small hydrocarbon molecules and soot that result from incomplete conversion of the hydrocarbon fuels, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, are noxious emissions that result from the oxidizer—air. However, fuel components that contain nitrogen may also contribute, in a lesser way, to the formation of the oxides of nitrogen. 

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