Nitro explosives dynamite

Other explosives, discovered in the nineteenth century, were nitroglycerine, a liquid that is absorbed in a solid to make dynamite, and nitrocellulose, a solid that produces less smoke (smokeless powder). They are made by heating glycerine and cellulose with nitric acid, a process that adds nitro (-NO2) groups. Another important explosive is trinitrotoluene, made by heating (very carefully) toluene in nitric acid,... 

The DuPont company rapidly saw that HNO3 was the key in making cheap explosives, all of which need nitrates and nitro compounds, and they rapidly became the largest producers of HNO3. World War I was a good period for DuPont, but the explosives business is inherently cyclical (fortunately), and dynamite and fireworks have limited markets. Therefore, DuPont began to explore other uses of cellulose, a raw material for smokeless... 

Chlorate explosives yield only a small amount of gaseous products since the major product of explosion is potassium chloride. The specific pressure / is therefore relatively low (the high temperatures do not compensate for the small volume of gases), hence the lead block expansion is low, but Cheddites without nitro compounds—type O No. 6 and S—give an even smaller lead block expansion 180-200 cm3. Some chlorate explosives, when detonated in the open, do not transmit detonation from cartridge to cartridge, differing in this respect from dynamites and ammonium nitrate explosives. In a confined space, however, they behave differently. Here the... 

Dynamites were retained for military purposes for some time for use in demolition charges. The disadvantage of these explosives lies in their limited chemical stability. Ultimately, therefore they were replaced by explosives that remain unchanged during storage (aromatic nitro compounds such as TNT, picric acid, and more recently TNT with cyclonite or PETN). 

Dynamite explosives of novel type ( Nidin ) with nitroglycerine and nitro-glycol mixtures seem to be particularly popular. 

Class IV. Nongelatinous (powdery) Nitro-gIycerin-Ammonium Nitrate Explosives, known as Ammonium Nitrate Dynamites or Ammonia Dynamites. They contain sub stantial amounts of AN which usually replaces part of NG and of Na nitrate. The replacement of part of Na nitrate by AN increases the volume of gas produced on detonation. They have approximately the same explosive-strength values as do the Gelatin Dynamites, but have lower rate of detonation and brisance values (Ref 62, p640)... 

Nitroglycerine as a solvent. The capacity of nitroglycerine to dissolve aromatic nitro compounds has been studied for its practical importance, since blends of nitroglycerine with nitro compounds often form the base components of high 1 explosives, as for example dynamites and smokeless powders. Investigating systems... 

Aromatic nitro compounds are generally stable but are frequently reactive, especially if they contain groups other than nitro groups in the meta position with respect to one another. As a class they constitute the most important of the military high explosives. They are also used as components of smokeless powder, in compound detonators, and in primer compositions. Liquid nitro compounds, and the mixtures which are produced as by-products from the manufacture of pure nitro compounds for military purposes, are used in non-freezing dynamite and other commercial explosives. The polynitro compounds are solvents for nitrocellulose. 

Nitroglycerin is an explosive and is also used to produce other explosives, such as dynamite. Nitro is 18.5% nitrogen. Calculate the molecular mass of nitro. 

AUSTROGEL G1 is a safe-to-handle, cap-sensitive gelatinous ammonium nitrate explosive. This successor explosive replacing -> Gelatine Donarit 1 does not contain any nitro-aromatics harmful to health such as -> Dinitrotoluene and -> Trinitrotoluene, and is manufactured by the DYNAMIT NOBEL Wien Company. 

Dynamite possesses all the properties of nitro-elycerine for blasting purposes, and is less daogerous. Explosion is accomplished by means of a percussion cap in the same manner as with nitroglycerine. The most common mode of making dynamite is by mixing 75 per oeut. of nitro-glycerine with 25 per cent, of powderea sand. 

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