Nitrite reductase , properties

Several copper enzymes will be discussed in detail in subsequent sections of this chapter. Information about major classes of copper enzymes, most of which will not be discussed, is collected in Table 5.1 as adapted from Chapter 14 of reference 49. Table 1 of reference 4 describes additional copper proteins such as the blue copper electron transfer proteins stellacyanin, amicyanin, auracyanin, rusticyanin, and so on. Nitrite reductase contains both normal and blue copper enzymes and facilitates the important biological reaction NO) — NO. Solomon s Chemical Reviews article4 contains extensive information on ligand field theory in relation to ground-state electronic properties of copper complexes and the application of... 

Blackmore, R., Roberton, A. M., and Brittain, T. (1986). The purification and some equilibrium properties of the nitrite reductase of the bacterium Wolinella succinogenes. Biochem. J. 233, 547-552. 

Hirasawa, M., Shaw, R. W., Palmer, G., and Knaff, D. B. (1987). Prosthetic gntup content and ligand-binding properties of spinach nitrite reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 12428-12433. 

Kakutani, T., Watanabe, H., Arima, K., and Beppu, T. (1981). Purification and properties of a copper-containing nitrite reductase from a denitrifying bacterium, Alcaligenes faecalis strain S-6. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 89, 453-461. 

Krueger, R. J., and Siegel, L. M. (1982). Spinach siroheme enzymes Isolation and characterization of ferredoxin-sulfite reductase and comparison of properties with ferre-doxin-nitrite reductase. Biochemistry 21, 2892-2904. 

Mancinelli, R. L., Cronin, S., and Hochstein, L. 1. (1986). The purification and properties of a cd cytochrome nitrite reductase from Paracoccus halodenitrificans. Arch. Microbiol. 145, 202-208. 

Sawada, E., Satoh, T., and Kitamura, H. (1978). Purification and properties of a dissi-milatory nitrite reductase of a denitrifying phototrophic bacterium. Plant Cell Physiol. 19, 1339-1351. 

Sawhney, V., and Nicholas, D. J. D. (1978). Sulphide-linked nitrite reductase from Thio-bacillus denitrificans with cytochrome oxidase activity Purification and properties. J. Gen. Microbiol. 106, 119-218. 

Sutherland, J., Greenwood, C., Peterson, J., and Thomson, A. J. (1986). An investigation of the ligand-binding properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite reductase. Biochem. J. 233, 893-898. 

Vega, J. M., and Kamin, H. (1977). Spinach nitrite reductase. Purification and properties of a siroheme-containing iron-sulfur enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 252, 896-909. 

A new putative member of the blue multi-copper oxidases has been isolated using the Escherichia coli yacK gene. Six copper ions per polypeptide chain were determined and assigned to two type 1 copper centers and further one type 2 and one type 3 copper. Phenoloxidase and ferroxidase properties were ascertained98 A new copper containing nitrite reductase was purified from a halophilic archaeon and the ligands to type 1 and type 2 coppers in the sequence were... 

Bacterial assimilatory nitrate reductases have similar properties.86/86a In addition, many bacteria, including E. coli, are able to use nitrate ions as an oxidant for nitrate respiration under anaerobic conditions (Chapter 18). Tire dissimilatory nitrate reductases involved also contain molybdenum as well as Fe-S centers.85 Tire E. coli enzyme receives electrons from reduced quinones in the plasma membrane, passing them through cytochrome b, Fe-S centers, and molybdopterin to nitrate. The three-subunit aPy enzyme contains cytochrome b in one subunit, an Fe3S4 center as well as three Fe4S4 clusters in another, and the molybdenum cofactor in the third.87 Nitrate reduction to nitrite is also on the pathway of denitrification, which can lead to release of nitrogen as NO, NzO, and N2 by the action of dissimi-latory nitrite reductases. These enzymes873 have been discussed in Chapters 16 and 18. 

That hydroxylamine might not be an obligatory intermediate, or occur as a free intermediate, in the reduction of nitrite to ammonia is suggested by the properties of nitrite reductases of Azotobacter chroococcum and Escherichia coli. The former is an adaptive enzyme, the formation of which requires nitrate or nitrite in the culture (31,2). It is FAD-depen-dent and presumably contains metals and p-mercuribenzoate inhibitable... 

The Physical Properties of Purified Nitrite Reductase FROM Achromobacter fiseheri"... 

Achromobacter fischeri, nitrite reductase, physical properties, 277-279 Active site, lipoamide dehydrogenase, 105 Acyl hydrazides, catalase and, 379 Acyltransferase activity, glyceraldehyde-... 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite reductase of, 274, 275 transhydrogenase of, 53 molecular properties, 57 purification, 54, 56... 

Cheesman, M., Ferguson, S. J., Moir, J. W. B., Richardson, D. J., Zumft, W. G., and Thomson, A. J., 1997, Two enzymes with a common function but different heme ligands. The optical and magnetic properties of the heme groups in the oxidised forms of nitrite reductase, cytochrome cdi, from Pseudomonas stutzeri and Thiosphaera pantotropha. Biochemistry 36 16267916276. 

Saul RL, Kabir SH, Cohen Z, Bruce WR, Archer M (1981) Reevaluation of nitrate and nitrite levels in the human intestine. Cancer Res 41 2280-2283 Sawhney V, Nicholas DJD (1978) Sulphide-linked nitrite reductase from Thiobacillus denitrifi-cans with cytochrome oxidase activity purification and properties. J Gen Microbiol 106 119-128... 

---