Nitriles characteristic chemical properties

The triple bonded organic functional groups considered in the present chapter are —CC—, —CN, —CNO (nitrile oxide), —OCN, —SCN and —N2. Some isomeric functions such as —NC, —NCO and —NCS, will also be included, as they sometimes occur together with their isomers. The general aspects and specific methods for the analysis of alkynes, nitriles, diazonium compounds, cyanates and thiocyanates, and other related functional groups were adequately described in previous books of the series The Chemistry of Functional Groups, Consideration was made there of detection and determination by means of chemical reactions and application of characteristic spectroscopic properties of the groups. 

Chemical Designations — Synonyms Benzoic Acid Nitrile, Cyanobenzene, Phenylcyanide Chemical Formula C HsCN. Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Almond-like. Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 C and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight 103.12 Boiling Point at 1 atm. 376, 191, 464 Freezing Point 9.0, -12.8, 260.4 Critical Temperature 799.2, 426.2, 699.4 Critical Pressure 611, 41.6, 4.22 Specific Gravity 1.01 at25"C (liquid) Vapor (Gas) Density 3.6 Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) 1.091 Latent Heat of Vaporization 157.7, 87.6, 3.67 Heat of Combustion -15,100, -8,400, -351 Heat of Decomposition Not pertinent. Health Hazards Information — Recommended Personal Protective... 

Synonyms Benzoic Acid Nitrile, Cyanobenzene, Phenylcyanide Chemical Formula C H,CN (ii) Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Almond-like (iii) Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 X and I atm. Liquid Molecular... 

Nitrile mbber finds broad application in industry because of its excellent resistance to oil and chemicals, its good flexibility at low temperatures, high abrasion and heat resistance (up to 120°C), and good mechanical properties. Nitrile mbber consists of butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymers with an acrylonitrile content ranging from 15 to 45% (see Elastomers, SYNTHETIC, NITRILE RUBBER). In addition to the traditional applications of nitrile mbber for hoses, gaskets, seals, and oil well equipment, new applications have emerged with the development of nitrile mbber blends with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). These blends combine the chemical resistance and low temperature flexibility characteristics of nitrile mbber with the stability and ozone resistance of PVC. This has greatly expanded the use of nitrile mbber in outdoor applications for hoses, belts, and cable jackets, where ozone resistance is necessary. 

The key to the success of this process is a combination of specific catalysts and optimum reaction conditions. Effective catalysts for trimerization of aromatic nitriles are listed in Table I (4 ). Optimum reaction conditions for processing the aromatic nitrile-modified imide precursors depend on the chemical structure and characteristic property of the individual precursor of concern. In general, yield of the polymeric products increases with the increase of reaction temperature, pressure, time, and concentration of catalyst within the range of practical experimental limits (5 ). 

A nitrile masterbatch, see Table 8.3, was used in all experiments pertaining to nitrile rubbers. Hycar 1042 (Zeon Chemicals) is a general purpose NBR (acrylonitrile content is 33%) with good processing characteristics and high physical properties. 

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