Nitriles, catalytic hydrogenation hydrocarbons

Catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles may result in several products primary, secondary, and tertiary amines imines hydrocarbons aldehydes amides and... 

CARBON SKELETON. The technique of precolumn catalytic hydrogenation can be applied to reduce certain unsaturated compounds to their parent hydrocarbons. Compounds analyzed by this technique include esters, ketones, aldehydes, amines, epoxides, nitriles, halides, sulfides, and fatty acids. Fatty acids usually give a hydrocarbon that, is the next lower homolag than the parent acid. For most systems utilizing hydrogenation, hydrogen is also used as the carrier gas. Usually 1% palladium or platinum on a non-adsorptive porous support such as AW-Chromosorb P is used as the catalytic packing material. 

Catalytic hydrogenation is commonly used for the reduction of alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic heterocycles, carbonyl derivatives, nitriles, and nitro compounds. The reaction with alkenes proceeds on the surface of a heterogeneous metal catalyst, via cleavage of diatomic hydrogen and adsorption... 

Many other examples of migration reactions are known, especially those typical for catalytic processes, such as CO insertion, catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, reduction of nitriles, water-gas shift reaction, etc. These processes will be discussed in Chapter 13. 

Ammonia reacts catalytically with alkyl or alkanyl side chains on aromatic hydrocarbons to form aromatic nitriles, or with olefins, and to some extent alkanes, to form aliphatic nitriles. It also reacts catalytically with methane (natural gas) in the presence of a regulated amount of oxygen to form hydrogen cyanide. The following equations illustrate the reactions involved with substituted aromatic compounds ... 

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