Nitric oxide ionization potential

Nitric oxide has a very low ionization potential and could ionize at flame temperatures. For a normal composite solid propellant containing C—H—O—N—Cl—Al, many more products would have to be considered. In fact if one lists all the possible number of products for this system, the solution to the problem becomes more difficult, requiring the use of advanced computers and codes for exact results. However, knowledge of thermodynamic equilibrium constants and kinetics allows one to eliminate many possible product species. Although the computer codes listed in Appendix I essentially make it unnecessary to eliminate any product species, the following discussion gives one the opportunity to estimate which products can be important without running any computer code. 

The one-electron oxidation of iV-benzylphenothiazine by nitric acid occurs in the presence of /i-cyclodextrin, which stabilizes the radical cation by incorporation into its cavity. The reaction is inhibited by adamantane, which preferentially occupies the cavity. Novel Pummerer-type rearrangements of / -sulfinylphenyl derivatives, yielding /7-quinones and protected dihydroquinones, and highly enantioselective Pummerer-type rearrangements of chiral, non-racemic sulfoxides have been reviewed. A comprehensive study has demonstrated that the redox potential for 7- and 8-substituted flavins is linearly correlated with Hammett a values. DFT calculations in [3.3.n]pro-pellanes highlight low ionization potentials that favour SET oxidative cleavage of the strained central C-C bond rather than direct C-H or C-C bond attack. Oxidations and reductions in water have been reviewed. ... 

Because nitric oxide has a low ionization potential, an important reaction for charged-particle production is... 

The ionization potential of nitric oxide is nine volts, and the ratio of molecules reacting to ion-pairs produced by an energy input of 8.6 calories is 1.6. In Table I it is seen that for a given input of cathode rays the reaction is 2.3 times as great for nitric oxide as for oxygen. The very low yield with carbon dioxide is in perfect agreement with Lind s results with alpha particles.13 Apparently the C02 ions recombine without chemical rearrangement. 

The spontaneous interaction of nitric oxide with QFjAsF is in harmony with the ionization potentials (/(NO) 2l3 kcal moF, /(QFfi) = 230 kcal moF ) and lattice energies (LE-(CftFjAsFfe) =s -115 kcalmoF, LE NOAsF ) = -130 kcal moF ). 

The way in which the oxidizing power of the hexafluorides increases with atomic number in the third transition series is demonstrated by the nature of the reactions with nitric oxide which are summarized in Figure 7. Since the ionization potential of nitric oxide is 62 kcal. mole lower than for oxygen it can reduce osmium hexafluoride to the quinquevalent and platinum to the quadrivalent... 

In the D-region, under typical conditions, most of the ionization is due to the effect of the solar Lyman a ray on nitric oxide (Nicolet, 1945). The ionization potential of the NO molecule is only 9.25 eV, which corresponds to a wavelength of 134 nm. In the spectral region of the Lyman a line an atmospheric window exists due to the low absorption cross section of O2 in this interval, and thus the ionizing radiation can... 

Fig. 2. Comparison of excited state energies of nitric oxide, sodium and potassium. Energies are measured with respect to the ionization potential (IP) of each species. It is seen that the ionization potentials of the A, C, and D states of NO are similar to those of the sodium 3P and the potassium 4P states.

Thiazyl monomer is a radical with one unpaired electron. In contrast to nitric oxide, it polymerizes so readily that it cannot be isolated as a monomeric solid or liquid and has only a transient existence in the gas phase. Thiazyl monomer may be generated in a number of ways, including the volatilization of (SN) c (2) or pyrolysis of S4N4 (1) over quartz wool above 300 °C. The emission spectrum and ESR spectrum have been reported. The bond length is calculated to be 149.7 pm from its spectroscopic moment of inertia. This indicates a bond order of between two and three. The dissociation energy of this strong sulfur-nitrogen bond is estimated to be 463 kj mol from spectroscopic data. Nevertheless, like other sulfur nitrides, NS is endothermic and unstable with respect to its elements. Thiazyl monomer exhibits an IR band at 1209 cm T The experimental dipole moment is 1.83 0.03 D and the ionization potential is 9.85 eV. 

The nitric oxide molecule has one electron in an antibonding molecular orbital this electron is fairly easily lost (the ionization potential of NO is 9.4 eV) to give the nitrosonium ion, NO, which has a shorter bond length (1.062 A) than nitric oxide (1.151 A). We may consider the process of coordination of a nitric oxide molecule to a transition metal atom to involve the transfer of the antibonding electron from NO to the metal atom... 

Non-Reversible Processes. —Reactions of the non-reversible type, i.e., with systems which do not give reversible equilibrium potentials, occur most frequently with un-ionized organic compounds the cathodic reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline and the anodic oxidation of alcohol to acetic acid are instances of this type of process. A number of inorganic reactions, such as the electrolytic reduction of nitric acid and nitrates to hydroxylamine and ammonia, and the anodic oxidation of chromic ions to chromate, are also probably irreversible in character. Although the problems of electrolytic oxidation and reduction have been the subject of much experimental investigation, the exact mechanisms of the reactions involved are still in dispute. For example, the electrolytic reduction of the compound RO to R may be represented by... 

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