Nitrate efflorescences

Salpeter-sauresalz. n. salt of nitric acid, nitrate, -schaum, m. wall saltpeter (calcium nitrate efflorescence). 

Salpeter-ather, m. nitric ether (ethyl nitrate), -bakterien, n.pl. nitrifying bacteria, -bil-dung, /. nitrification, -blumen, f.pl. niter efflorescence, -damp/, -dupst, m. nitrous fumes, -erde, /. nitrous earth, -erzeugung, /. niter production nitrification. 

Mercurous Nitrate (Mercury Protonitrate). HgN03.H20, mw 280.64, OB to HgO N2 +17.1%, mp 70° dec, bp explds, d 4.78g/cc. Short prismatic crysts effloresces and becomes anhydrous in dry air sensitive to light. Sol in small quantities of warm w (hydrolyzes in larger quantities), w acidified with nitric acid. Prepd by action of cold dil nitric acid upon an excess of Hg with slight warming. Highly toxic may explode if shocked or heated. There is no US Specification for Mercurous Nitrate Refs 1) Merck (1968), 6,62-L 2) CondChem-... 

Atmospheric aerosols have a direct impact on earth s radiation balance, fog formation and cloud physics, and visibility degradation as well as human health effect[l]. Both natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to the formation of ambient aerosol, which are composed mostly of sulfates, nitrates and ammoniums in either pure or mixed forms[2]. These inorganic salt aerosols are hygroscopic by nature and exhibit the properties of deliquescence and efflorescence in humid air. That is, relative humidity(RH) history and chemical composition determine whether atmospheric aerosols are liquid or solid. Aerosol physical state affects climate and environmental phenomena such as radiative transfer, visibility, and heterogeneous chemistry. Here we present a mathematical model that considers the relative humidity history and chemical composition dependence of deliquescence and efflorescence for describing the dynamic and transport behavior of ambient aerosols[3]. 

The potassium nitrate used in gunpowder was originally obtained from natural mineral deposits of niter. Small quantities formed as efflorescence deposits on damp stone walls were... 

When organic matter decays, say, in the soil of cattle yards and stables, ammonia and ammonium compounds are produced by the action of certain bacteria. If the soil be fairly dry, but not too dry, a white scum appears on the exposed surface. The scum is made up of small crystals of potassium nitrate and, after a time, if the soil be extracted with water and strained, the liquid, on evaporation, furnishes yellowish-brown crystals of crude nitre. The crude nitre can be purified by resolution and crystallization. The white efflorescence sometimes seen on the walls of stables, etc., is sometimes, though not always, due to the formation of nitrates in this way. 

Yellow crystals, having a greenish luster by reflected light, and efflorescing superficially in dry air. Uranium nitrate is easily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. The aqueous solution is acid to litmus paper. 

Jilulc HNO, and concentrating the solution. The compound deliquesces in moist air and effloresces in dry air. The pink anhydrous cobaltous nitrate cannot he formed by dehydrating Ihe hexahydrate but by treating Ihe salt with nitrogen pentoxide gas (or in solution in concentrated HNOi). The salt is used mainly in the preparation of catalysts. 

A solution of cobaltous nitrate in water is readily prepared by dissolving the oxides or carbonate in dilute nitric acid. Slow evaporation yields red, monoclinic prisms of the hexahy rate, Co(N03)2.6H20, of density 1-83.3 The crystals are very slightly deliquescent in moist air over concentrated sulphuric acid they effloresce. They melt at 56° C.4 to a red liquid which, at higher temperatures, thickens, becoming... 

When ruthenium nitrate is boiled with hydrochloric acid and evaporated at 120° C., a Nitrosochloride, RuCls.NO.HsO, is obtained as a red crystalline mass. On recrystallisation a pentahydrate is formed, RuCls. NO. 5H20, as diehroic triclinic crystals, which effloresce in dry air. 

Lead tri-p-tolyl is formed by the same method as the phenyl compound, It crystallises from benzene on the addition of alcohol in six-sided plates, from chloroform in rhombohedra, containing chloroform of crystallisation, these being efflorescent in the air. It commences to decompose at 193 C. and melts at 240 C. A cooled benzene solution gives a greenish precipitate with alcoholic silver nitrate, which quickly blackens as the temperature rises, but if a very low temperature is maintained the green colour remains. When heated alone or boiled in benzene solution it yields lead tetra-p-tolyl. In contrast to lead tri-P Xylyl and lead tricyclohexyl, it is converted by bromine in freezing pyridine into lead bromide and lead tetra-p-tolyl, which points to the possible existence in pyridine solution of the equilibrium ... 

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