Nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine

Parez, E.F., L.T. Kubota, A.A. Tanaka, and G. De Oliveira Neto (1998). Anodic oxidation of cysteine catalysed by nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine immorbiUzed on silica gel modified with titanium(lV) oxide. Electrochim. Acta 43(12-13), 1665-1673. 

Fig. 3 Absorption spectra of some of the chromophores from Figs. 1 and 2. Upper part some natural chromophores. Pheo a stands for pheophytin a, the free base of Chi a after replacement of the magnesium ion by two protons Lower part some synthetic chromophores dark green trace - nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (PcS4) dissolved in a water DMSO mixture (note the shoulders at 640 and 600 nm due to dimers and H-aggregates, respectively) magenta trace - meso-tetratolyl-porphyrin cyan trace - zinc tetratoljd-porphyrin. Note the sharp 420 nm (Soret) bands of the porphyrins and their very low visible absorptions (the Q bands) in comparison to Chls and phthalocyanines.

Katuppiah C, Devasenathipathy R, Chen SM et al (2015) Fabrication of nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes on activated glassy caibon electrode for the detection of dopamine. Electroanalysis... 

Maringa A, Nyokong T (2014) The influence of gold nanoparticles on the electroactivity of nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine. J Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 18 642-651... 

Silva J, Griveau S, Richard C, Zagal J, Bedioui F (2007) Glassy carbon electrodes modified with single walled carbon nanotubes and cobalt phthalocyanine and nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine highly stable new hybrids with enhaneed electrocatalytic performances. Electrochem Commun 9 1629-1634... 

Gutierrez AP, Griveau S, Richard C, Pailleret A, Granados SG, Bedioui F (2009) Hybrid materials from carbon nanotubes, nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine and thin polymer layers for the selective electrochemical activation of nitric oxide in solution. Electroanalysis 21 2303-2310... 

The microplate model for electrochemical arrays has been applied to 24-well cell culture plates, for the measurement of nitric oxide and superoxide in cultured cells [87]. In this work, the authors used screen-printed carbon electrodes, modified with electrodeposited nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine, coated with a Nafion film, for NO detection. Superoxide detection used the gold array elements, modified first by a thiol-succinimide reagent and subsequently exposed to cytochrome c for its covalent attachment. Each well contained, at the well bottom, three 1 mm diameter electrodes (two gold and one carbon) with individual Ag/AgCl coimter electrodes. The device is shown in Fig. 16. Measurements employed a two-channel potentiostat, with applied potentials of -tlOO mV for superoxide and +750 mV for nitric oxide, for acquisition of chronoamperometric data. Wells were seeded... 

After finding the distance the electrode was chemically modified in situ. First it was moved into nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine tetrasodium salt (Na4[NiTSPcj) containing solution droplet. Here electrodeposition of mediator layer was done. Other solution drops were visited by the chemically modified tip for rinsing and for checking its function. Finally the electrode was moved into the buffer droplet over the cell culture. The release of NO from the cell population was followed amperometrically. Bradykinin addition resulted in well detectable NO release. 

Poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (PPID) multilayered with nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) was also employed as sensitive mem-... 

We can now make sensible guesses as to the order of rate constant for water replacement from coordination complexes of the metals tabulated. (With the formation of fused rings these relationships may no longer apply. Consider, for example, the slow reactions of metal ions with porphyrine derivatives (20) or with tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine, where the rate determining step in the incorporation of metal ion is the dissociation of the pyrrole N-H bond (164).) The reason for many earlier (mostly qualitative) observations on the behavior of complex ions can now be understood. The relative reaction rates of cations with the anion of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (113) and metal-aqua water exchange data from NMR studies (69) are much as expected. The rapid exchange of CN " with Hg(CN)4 2 or Zn(CN)4-2 or the very slow Hg(CN)+, Hg+2 isotopic exchange can be understood, when the dissociative rate constants are estimated. Reactions of the type M+a + L b = ML+(a "b) can be justifiably assumed rapid in the proposed mechanisms for the redox reactions of iron(III) with iodide (47) or thiosulfate (93) ions or when copper(II) reacts with cyanide ions (9). Finally relations between kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are shown by a variety of complex ions since the dissociation rate constant dominates the thermodynamic stability constant of the complex (127). A recently observed linear relation between the rate constant for dissociation of nickel complexes with a variety of pyridine bases and the acidity constant of the base arises from the constancy of the formation rate constant for these complexes (87). 

Zilbermann, 1., J. Hayon, T. Katchalski, O. Raveh, J. Rishpon, A.I. Shames, and A. Bettelheim (1997). Ligation and mediated oxidation of nitrogen monoxide by nickel(E) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine. J. Electrochem Soc. 144(8), L228-L230. 

Zhang and Rusling [66] employed a stable, conductive, bicontinuous microemulsion of surfactant/oil/water as a medium for catalytic dechlorination of PCBs at about 1 mA cm-2 on Pb cathodes. The major products were biphenyl and its reduced alkylbenzene derivatives, which are much less toxic than PCBs. Zinc phthalocyanine provided better catalysis than nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate. The current efficiency was about 20% for 4,4 -DCB and about 40% for the most heavily chlorinated PCB mixture. A nearly complete dechlorination of 100 mg of Aroclor 1260 with 60% Cl was achieved in 18 hr. Electrochemical dehalogenation was thus shown to be feasible in water-based surfactant media, providing a lower-cost, safer alternative to toxic organic solvents. 

Fig. 17.9 Comparison of the work-function change, AO, of PP layers doped with various anions in the presence of NO, PER, and DMMP in ambient air. The doping level is given for each of the PP layers. Compounds used for doping CuPcTS copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate tetrasodium salt, NiPcTS nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate tetraso-dium salt, TOS sodium toluene-/ -sulfonate, BF -sodium tetrafluoroborate, CIO - perchlorate (Reprinted with permission from Cabala et al. (1997). Copyright 1997 Royal Society of Chemistry)...

O. Dolgounitcheva, V. G. Zakrzewski,andJ. V. Ortiz, J/rf. /. Quantum Chem.y 112,184-194 (2012). Ab Initio Electron Propagator Calculations on Electron Detachment Energies of Nickel Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate Tetraanions. 

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