Nickel-iron Edison cell

The rechargable alkaline nickel-iron Edison cell (1901) is still used as a power source. 

Nickel-cadmium cell Ni-Cd cell Nickel-iron rechargeable cell -> Edison cell Nickel-metal hydride cell - Ni-MFlcell Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - NADH Nigraniline - poly aniline... 

The Edison dry cell nickel/cadmium battery and the Jungers nickel/iron cell are developed work on these endeavors lasts until 1905. 

Nickel(lll) oxide, prepared from a nickel(ii) salt and sodium hypochlorite, is used for the oxidation of alkanols in aqueous alkali [46]. Residual nickel(Ii) oxide can be re-activated by reaction with sodium hypochlorite. Nickel oxides have also long been used in the manufacture of the positive pole in the Edison nickel-iron rechargeable battery, now largely superseded by die lead-acid accumulator, and in the Jungner nickel-cadmium batteries used as button cells for calculators [47]. Here, prepared nickel oxide is pressed into a holding plate of perforated nickel. Such prepared plates of nickel(lli) oxide have been proposed as reagent for the oxidation, in alkaline solution, of secondary alcohols to ketones and primary alcohols to carboxylic acids [48]. Used plates can be regenerated by anodic oxidation. 

Another example of a practical battery, but one less commonly used, is the Edison cell. The active electrode materials consist of iron and nickel dioxide in contact with an electrolyte consisting of aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. Owing to its marked instability, the Ni02 changes spontaneously to Ni203 with liberation of oxygen. The reactions responsible for the flow of current are as follows ... 

The Edison cell uses an iron anode, nickel oxide eathode, and KOH electrolyte. This cell is extremely rugged and is still used in certain industrial apphcations, but it was never able to displace the lead-acid cell as Edison had hoped.. 

Edison cell — A nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) secondary (rechargeable) cell independently developed by Edison in USA and W. Jiinger in Sweden in 1900. The cell (-> battery) is based on the use of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) at the positive electrode and metallic iron for the negative electrode, and a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution containing lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is the electrolyte. The Ni-Fe cell is represented as ( Fe/KOH/NiOOH. The charge-discharge reactions for the Edison (Ni-Fe) cell are as follows ... 

Nickel iron batteries were developed by Edison, and were commonly known as the Edison cells. Of all batteries, perhaps the Nickel Iron can claim to be the most rugged and reliable as well as being virtually indestructible. In the 1920 s and 30s these batteries were found everywhere, and when the need arose for heavy water during the Manhattan project, the electrolyte from thousands of these batteries were used as an enriched source. The cell reaction is given below ... 

Thomas Alva Edison invented the alkaline nickel-iron battery at the beginning of the 20 century. Iron is the negative pole, nickel oxide the positive. One cell has a voltage of 1.15 V. Several cells, connected in series, were used in industrial applications and for emergency power. The battery Hfe was restricted to about 10 years. 

In the nickel-cadmium alkaline storage battery, the iron of the Edison cell is replaced by cadmium to give the following equivalent reaction ... 

The average cell voltage of 1.2 V is slightly lower than that of the Edison cell. Cadmium is preferred to iron in the nickel-aUcaline cell because cadmium hydroxide is more conductive than iron hydroxide. The absence of higher oxidation states for cadmium minimizes side reactions, which occur in the Edison cell. The nickel-cadmium cell can also be charged at a lower voltage since there is no overvoltage, as there is at the iron electrode. 

Tubular Cells. Although the tubular nickel electrode invented by Edison is ahnost always combined with an iron negatwe electrode, a small quantity of cells is produced in wliich nickel in the tubular fomi is used with a pocket cadniium electrode. Tliis type of cell construction is used for low operating temperature environments, where iron electrodes do not perfomi well or where charging current must be limited. 

In alkaline solution nickelous hydroxide can be oxidized to n hydrated nickelic oxide, NiOo xHoO. This reaction is used in tin Edison storage cell. The electrodes of this cell are plates coated will Ni0.2 xHoO and metallic iron, which are converted on discharge of tlu cell into nickelous hydroxide and ferrous hydroxide, respectively. Tht electrolyte in this cell is a solution of sodium hydroxide. 

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