Newton unit

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) blend Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Pronova Gore-tex 56.17-63.96 12.0 1.2 (in Newton unit), or 55.99-70.23 MPa 20-34 33 11 ... 

The newton (unit of force) is that force that gives to a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 meter per second. 

Units are md/angstrom, angstrom/rad, angstrom, and degrees respectively. One millidyne (md) = 10 newtons (N),... 

The SI unit of viscosity is pascal-second (Pa s) or newton-second per meter squared (N s m ). Values tabulated are mN s (= centipoise, cP). The temperature in degrees Celsius at which the viscosity of a... 

The dynamic viscosity, or coefficient of viscosity, 77 of a Newtonian fluid is defined as the force per unit area necessary to maintain a unit velocity gradient at right angles to the direction of flow between two parallel planes a unit distance apart. The SI unit is pascal-second or newton-second per meter squared [N s m ]. The c.g.s. unit of viscosity is the poise [P] 1 cP = 1 mN s m . The dynamic viscosity decreases with the temperature approximately according to the equation log rj = A + BIT. Values of A and B for a large number of liquids are given by Barrer, Trans. Faraday Soc. 39 48 (1943). 

By contrast, in SI units, the coulomb (C) is the unit of charge and is defined as an ampere second (A sec). To reconcile this with newtons and meters, the units of F and r, respectively, a proportionality constant that is numerically different from unity and which has definite units is required. For charges under vacuum we write... 

C. J. Geankophs, Transport Process and Unit Operations, 2nd ed., AHyn Bacon, Newton, Mass., pp. 373. 

Eneigy. The SI unit of energy is the joule which is the work done when the point of appHcation of a force of one newton is displaced a distance... 

Viscosity is equal to the slope of the flow curve, Tf = dr/dj. The quantity r/y is the viscosity Tj for a Newtonian Hquid and the apparent viscosity Tj for a non-Newtonian Hquid. The kinematic viscosity is the viscosity coefficient divided by the density, ly = tj/p. The fluidity is the reciprocal of the viscosity, (j) = 1/rj. The common units for viscosity, dyne seconds per square centimeter ((dyn-s)/cm ) or grams per centimeter second ((g/(cm-s)), called poise, which is usually expressed as centipoise (cP), have been replaced by the SI units of pascal seconds, ie, Pa-s and mPa-s, where 1 mPa-s = 1 cP. In the same manner the shear stress units of dynes per square centimeter, dyn/cmhave been replaced by Pascals, where 10 dyn/cm = 1 Pa, and newtons per square meter, where 1 N/m = 1 Pa. Shear rate is AH/AX, or length /time/length, so that values are given as per second (s ) in both systems. The SI units for kinematic viscosity are square centimeters per second, cm /s, ie, Stokes (St), and square millimeters per second, mm /s, ie, centistokes (cSt). Information is available for the official Society of Rheology nomenclature and units for a wide range of rheological parameters (11). 

Each physical quantity is expressed in one and only one unit, eg, the meter for length, the kilogram for mass, and the second for time. Derived units are defined by simple equations relating two or more base units. Some are given special names, such as newton for force and joule for work and energy. 

The system is coherent. There is no dupHcation of units for a quantity, and all derived units are obtained by a direct one-to-one relation of base units or derived units eg, one newton is the force required to accelerate one kilogram at the rate of one meter per second squared one joule is the energy... 

Centripetal Acceleration. Centripetal acceleration, /r or CO r, where is the tangential linear velocity (m/s), rthe radius (m), and CO the angular velocity (rad/s), is, like any other linear acceleration, measured in SI units m/s. Centripetal force, equal to mass times centripetal acceleration, is, like any force in SI, measured in newtons. 

Y, Z, E, P, T, G, and M, the prefixes for lO and above, are capitalized, as are the symbols whose unit names have been derived from proper names, eg, N for newton (Sk Isaac Newton) and Pa for pascal (Blaise Pascal) an exception is the use of L for Hter. 

The product of two or more symbols is indicated by a centered dot and the product of unit names preferably by just a space, eg, N-m for newton meter. 

NOTE AU groups are dimensionless. To convert dynes per square centimeter to joules per square meter, miJtiply by 10" to convert poises to newton-seconds per square meter, multiply by 10" to convert feet per second to meters per second, multiply by 0.3048 to convert feet to meters, multiply by 0.3048 to convert pounds per minute-foot to kilograms per second-meter, multiply by 0.025 to convert pounds per cubic foot to kilograms per cubic meter, multiply by 16.019 to convert pounds per minute squared to kilograms per second squared, multiply by 1.26 X lO"" to convert British thermal units per hour to kilojoules per second, multiply by 2.63 X lO"" and to convert British thermal units per hour-square foot-degree Fahrenheit per foot to joules per square meter-second-kelvin per meter, multiply by 1.7307. 

The important point is that the magnitude of a stress is always equal to the magnitude of a force divided by the area of the face on which it acts. Forces are measured in newtons, so stresses are measured in units of newtons per metre squared (N m" ). For many engineering applications, this is inconveniently small, and the normal unit of stress is the mega newton per metre squared or mega(lO ) pascal (MN m or MPa) or even the giga(10 )newtons per metre squared or gigapascal (GN m or GPa). 

When a driver commands an increase in vehicle velocity, that vehicle obeys Newton s first law of motion, which states that when a force (F) acts on a body of mass (M) and initially at rest, that body tvill experience an acceleration (a). For an automobile, typical units for acceleration, which is the rate of change of velocity, would be miles per hour per sec-... 

In the metric system, pressure has a unit of newtons per square meter, which is called a pascal (Pa). Although the pascal is the scientific unit and is preferred, pounds per square inch (Ibs/iif) is comnion in the United States. For example, in most of Europe, tire pressure is recorded in pascals (typically 220,000 Pa), whereas tire pressure in American cars is measured in pounds per square inch (typically 32 Ibs/in ). As a point of reference, the pressure that the earth s... 

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