New Experiments and Observations

Boyle, R. New Experiments and Observations Made Upon the Icy Noctiluca, London 1681/2... 

Boyle, R. (1683), New Experiments and Observations Touching Cold, Richard Davis, London,... 

Theories now were becoming public rather than private they were disseminated more widely by the relatively newly invented printing press. Confidence in the new scientific method was now increasing rapidly many of the new theories (e.g. Newton s theories of 1666-1687) were confirmed by experiments. In particular, the new experiments and observations were showing decisively that the current theories were superior to those of the ancients—Aristotle s physics (that bodies move only if they are being pushed) was wrong, and Ptolemy s maps clearly had been in error. 

Some new Experiments and Observations on e Combustion of Gaseous Mixtures, c. (read 23 Jan. 1817). 

James Bailey has said, talking about the inextricable coupling between a model and its intended application (citing Casti) that Basically the point of making models is to be able to bring a measure of order to our experience and observations, as well as to make specific predictions about certain aspects of the world we experience [108]. So models are not an end in themselves but should be looked more as tools to think and calculate logically about what components and interactions are important in a complex system. Mathematical models can also be justifiable to minimize the experimental effort, predict system behaviour and identify new research avenues [10]. 

Joseph Priestley, Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air, 3 vols. (Birmingham, 1790), Kraus Reprint edition (New York, 1970), vol. i, xvii-xviii, and xliii. 

This book draws on my own experience and observations from over 10 years of working at the bench and over 30 years growing through the management ranks in chemical process research and development, the last 14 at the vice-presidential level. The book is thus a summary of the work of many co-workers, to whom I am forever indebted, and is written in the hope of stimulating others to create new futures. 

We have introduced you to the concepts and methods of quantum mechanics this branch of physics was developed to explain the behavior of matter on the nanometer length scale. The results of a number of key experiments demanded the creation of a new physical theory classical mechanics and electrodynamics failed completely to account for these new observations. The pivotal experiments and observations included the spectrum and temperature dependence of blackbody radiation, the very existence of stable atoms and their discrete line spectra, the... 

Practical alchemy was based on experiment and observation, although it should not be confused with the experimental method, an idea that developed long after Bacon s time. Experiments in Bacon s alchemy were to confirm the ideas already established by speculative alchemy, not to test them or to lead to new ideas. 

The last decade has witnessed the establishment of quantum chemical methods as a standard tool for quantitative calculations of transition metal (TM) compounds, after numerous theoretical studies had proved that the calculated values are very accurate. The calculated data can be used to interpret experimental observations and to design new experiments and, thus, are very helpful for experimental chemistry. The theoretically predicted geometries, vibrational frequencies, bond dissociation energies, and other chemically important properties have become reliable enough to complement and sometimes even to challenge experimental data. This is particularly important for bond energies of TM compounds, which tend to be difficult to determine by experimental methods. 

All these observations point to the possibility of an understanding of pressure effects of the biology of the cell from an understanding of the effects of pressure on the interactions between macromolecules and their reactions. But it is also obvious that cell biology may need more theory to make sense of the complex networks of metabolism. Rate and equilibrium data are needed on reactions and interactions between molecules. Computational modeling of cell biology may stimulate new experiments and help in the understanding of the present results. 

J. Priestley, Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air, (3 vols.) London (1774 liny, J. Priestley, Experiments and Observations Relating to Various Branches of Natural Philo Sophy (3 Vols., Vol. I London, Vols. II III Birmingham) (1779 1786) [Also cited in J.R. Partington, A Short Elistory of Chemistry, 3rd ed., pp. 110 121, Dover Publications, New York (1989)]. 

J. Keir, Experiments and observations on the dissolution of metals in acids, and their precipitations with an account of a new compound acid menstruum, useful in some technical operations of parting metals, Phil. Trans. 80 (1790) 359-384. 

Integrated information systems play an essential role in Pharmaceutical companies. The unfortunate lack of viable commercial solutions has driven many companies to develop their own. It is hoped by relating some of the authors experiences and observations over the years that we have provided some insight as to how to be successful for those that wish to anbark on that journey. It is extremely important to recognize that it is truly a journey and not a destination for the work is never finished. There will always be more data, new ideas, and new innovation. 

Beaumont, W. Experiments and observations on the gastric juice and 76. the physiology of digestion, facsimile ed. New York Dover 1939... 

The two aspects of science, experiment and explanation, are closely related. A scientist performs experiments and observes some regularity someone explains this regularity and proposes more experiments and so on. From his experiments, Rosenberg explained that certain platinnm componnds inhibit cell division. This explanation led him to do new experiments on the anticancer activity of these compounds. 

The Russian urge to modernise (well recorded In Leo Tolstoy s writings), proved important to the reform of oider craft-based design traditions and to naval architecture particuiariy. Aiexei Nickoiaevich Krylov (1863-1945) addressed new scales of ship construction in an orderly way, combining theory, experiment and observation hull shapes were to be determined hydro-dynamically and hull structures were to be efficient distributions of material. 

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