New drug therapy

Cookson JC, Sachs GS (1999). Lithium clinical use in mania and prophylaxis of affective disorders. In Buckley PF, Waddington JL, eds, Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders The New Drug Therapies in Clinical Practice. Oxford Butterworth Heinemann. 

Care for people with dementia is demanding of resources, while the outcomes of care are uncertain. To date, the economic analyses of care strategies have been limited to new drug therapies for people with Alzheimer s disease. Full economic evaluations to compare both the costs and consequences have only been conducted for one of these dmgs, donepezil. However, problems with the design and data used in these studies mean that they do not provide robust evidence to determine appropriate management strategies for dementia. 

In the case of mental illness, new drug therapies have especially been the focus of attention, partly because psychotropic medication has, for a long time, contributed little to the overall cost of treatment, but also because, with the advent of new generations of antipsychotics and antidepressants, healthcare providers are now searching for justification for the use of these much more expensive treatments. 

Bismuth, discovered in 1753, has a long history of medical uses ranging from treatment of syphilis and malaria to diarrhea. More recently, antibacterial properties of bismuth-containing antacids have been used to treat peptic ulcers. In general the medical use of bismuth has declined with the advent of new drug therapies. 

S. M. Stahl, L. Palazidou (1986). The pharmacology of depression studies of neurotransmitter receptors lead the search for biochemical lesions and new drug therapies. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 7 349-354. 

II. Drug Therapy of Neuropathic Pain—Effectiveness of Narcotic Analgesics HI. Alternative Neural Changes in Morphine-Resistant Neuropathic Pain States IV. New Drug Therapy for Neuropathic Pain V. Conclusion References... 

Deniker, P. 1960, Experimental neurological syndromes and the new drug therapies in psychiatry, Compr.Psychiatry, vol. 1, pp. 92-102. 

Medication therapy costs continue to rise as a percentage vs. prior year(s) and have risen slightly as the total percentage of health care spending overall to 13% of GDP. New drug therapy products continue to enter the marketplace just as other improvements have occurred in the health care delivery system. The resulting changes in care impact the relative component costs of treatment, such as medication therapy. 

At present there is no vaccine for malaria. A recent trial of a vaccine was conducted in Mozambique and was found to prevent infection in 30% of the test population and prevented severe disease in 60% of those infected (Alonso et al., 2004). New drug therapies are also being researched targeting the forms of Plasmodium that are resistant to current medications. 

Klein, M. D., Langer, R. (1986). Immobilized enzymes in medicine an emerging approach to new drug therapies. TIBTECH 4 179-85. 

Leonard BE, Richelson E (2000) Synapdc effects of anddepressants. In Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders The New Drug Therapies in Clinical Pracdce (Buckley PF, Wadding ton JL, eds), pp. 67-84. B os ton B u tierwor th-Heinemann. 

When ill persons are offered money over and above expenses to enter a clinical trial of a new drug therapy, the possibility of coercion exists. The reasoning is that if the patient is poor, they might not be able to afford the therapy without entering the trial. Contrast this experience with renally impaired volunteers recruited for a pharmacokinetic study of an antibiotic. Renal failure is not the target of therapy. The subjects receive no therapeutic benefit from participating and are paid as volunteers. 

The purposes of follow-up evaluations are as follows 1) to determine the actual outcomes that were achieved by the plan 2) to assess the extent to which the plan has achieved the desired outcomes 3) to determine if there are new or changing drug therapy problems that must be addressed and 4) to determine if anything has occurred that increases the patient s risk for developing new drug therapy problems. The patient s progress is documented accurately in the pharmacy record and communicated effectively to the patient and other health care providers. 

The enteric nervous system contains a significant percentage of the body s 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT). " Two types of serotonin exists within the gut serotonin type 3 (HT3) and serotonin type 4 (HT4), which are responsible for secretion, sensitization, and motility. FYevious studies show that there is an increase in the postprandial levels of 5-HT in those who suffer from diarrhea-predominant IBS when compared with nonsufferers. Therefore stimulation and antagonism of these serotonin receptors has become a focused area for research on new drug therapies for both diarrhea-and constipation-predominant disease. 

Kirk Wright S, Viola RE (2001) Alteration of the specificity of malate dehydrogenase by chemical modulation of an active site arginine. J Biol Chem 276(33) 31151-311551 Klein MD, Danger R (1986) ImmobilizEd enzymes in clinical medicine an emeiging approach to new drug therapies. TIBTECH 4 179-186... 

---