Neutrophils and Macrophages

Taken together, the complexity by which morphine acts as an immunosuppressor on the migration and functional activity of innate immune responders, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, poses a compromising environment that proves detrimental for the hosts ability to eradicate pathogens. 

The late-phase inflammatory reaction occurs 6 to 9 hours after allergen provocation and involves recruitment and activation of eosinophils, T lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and macrophages. 

In contrast to adaptive immune function, fewer studies have examined effects of TCDD on the innate immune system. Furthermore, of the limited data available, much of it is inconsistent. For example, natural killer (NK) cell activity has been reported to be unaffected,80,93 diminished,94 and increased95 following exposure to TCDD. Although a thorough assessment of AhR expression in all innate cell lineages has not been conducted, neutrophils and macrophages express the AhR,8,96 and neutrophils are affected... 

Interleukin-3 (IL-3), a glycoprotein lympokine from T cells, stimulates the growth of murine mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages from haemopoietic progenitor cells [71,153]. Thus, cultures of murine bone marrow or spleen cells supplemented with IL-3 have been shown to generate cells that have many of the characteristics of mucosal mast cells [71, 153]. The release of IL-3 in vivo... 

Some of these are involved in haematopoiesis (e.g. IL-1, -3, -5, -6 GM-, M-, G-CSF) their role is described in Chapter 2. Others (e.g. IL-1, -6, -8 TNF a- GM-, M-, G-CSF) are implicated in inflammation either directly (e.g. pure IL-1 can cause some symptoms of inflammation) or indirectly, via their ability to activate immune cells that participate in the inflammatory response (e.g. lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages) some of these effects are described in Chapters 2 and 3. Such cytokines as IL-4, interferon-a and IL-10 may be involved in immunosuppression others, such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF a and TGF j3, are involved in tissue remodelling. 

Garcia, R. C., Segal, A. W. (1988). Phosphorylation of the subunits of cytochrome b. 245 upon triggering of the respiratory burst of human neutrophils and macrophages. Biochem. J. 252, 901-4. 

Cassatella, M. A., Flynn, R. M., Amezaga, M. A., Bazzoni, F., Vicentini, F., Trinchieri, G. (1990). Interferon gamma induces in human neutrophils and macrophages expres-... 

Mechanism of Action A 5-aminosalicylic acid derivative that changes intestinal microflora, altering prostaglandin production and inhibiting function of natural killer cells, mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Therapeutic Effect Diminishes inflammatory effect in colon. 

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