Neutrophil function during inflammation

Neutrophils and host defence The fight against infection 

Benjamini, E., Leskowitz, S. (1991). Immunology. A Short Course, 2nd Ed. Wiley-Liss, New York. 

(1989). Immunology. A Foundation Text. Open University Press, Milton Keynes, U.K. 

Gallin, J. I., Goldstein, I. M., Snyderman, R. (1988). Inflammation Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates. Raven Press, New York. 

Galvani, D. W., Cawley, J. C. (1992). Cytokine Therapy. Cambridge University Press, U.K. 

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These polymorphs are divided into three subgroups by virtue of the staining properties of their cytoplasmic contents when treated with dye mixtures. Thus, eosinophils stain with acid dyes such as eosin and appear red in stained blood films, basophils stain with basic dyes and appear blue whilst neutrophils stain with both types of dye and their cytoplasm appears purple. The differences between the cytoplasmic contents in these cells types is much more fundamental than is suggested by these simple staining properties. The granules of basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils contain distinct molecular constituents that confer upon the cells their specialised functions during infection and inflammation. 

Thus, the role of cytokines in inflammation, immune-cell function and tissue repair is varied and complex. Later sections of this book explore the cytokines generated by neutrophils during inflammatory challenge ( 7.3.4), the regulation of neutrophil function by cytokines ( 7.2.1) and human diseases associated with neutrophil dysfunction in which cytokines may play important roles ( 8.2.5, 8.8). 

Lukacs, N. W., Hogaboam, C. M., Kunkel, S. L., Chensue, S. W., Burdick, M. D., Evanoff, H. L., and Strieter, R. M. Mast cell-derived ENA-78 functions as a potent neutrophil chemoattractant during allergic airway inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63,746-751. 

Exposure of the SECs to pathogens or cytokines produced by other cells during stress induces activation of the SECs and subsequent production of cytokines, eicosanoids, and/or adhesion molecules. For instance, after activation with EPS, a main component of the walls of gramnegative bacteria and a major inducer of inflammation and non-specific immune functions [20], SECs produce a number of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines shown to be produced were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) [26] interleukin-1 alpha/beta(IL-lo/p) [27] the major inducer of acute phase proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) [28] and the neutrophil chemo-attractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) [29]. Anti-inflammatory cytokines shown to be produced were interleukin-10 (IL-10) [27] and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [30]. 

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