Astronomy neutrino

Carbon-nitrogen cycle Sequentially ordered set of fusion reactions of hydrogen with carbon and nitrogen isotopes, serving to combine four hydrogen atoms into 

Cerenkov light Light radiated by a charged particle traversing a medium. Cerenkov radiation occurs when the particle has a velocity greater than the velocity of light in that medium. 

Leptons General term for the Ught elementary particles— electrons, muons, tauons, and their associated neutrinos—that interact with nuclei and with each other by the weak force. 

Main sequence Narrow region on a plot of the luminosity versus siuface temperature of stars (Hertzsprung-RusseU diagram) where the hydrogen-burning stars are located. 

Muon Unstable, weak-interacting, charged particle (-1- or —) with a mass 207 times that of an electron. It decays to an electron and two neutrinos, n e + Vg + with a mean lifetime of 2.2 x 10 sec. 

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Michaud, G. 1985, in Solar Neutrinos and Neutrino Astronomy. Ed. M.L Cherry, R. Lande and W. A. Fowler (New York American Institute of Physics), p. 75. 

HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY AND UNDERWATER DETECTORS... 

Keywords high energy neutrino astronomy, underwater telescopes... 

Introduction to high energy neutrino astronomy MeV neutrino astrophysics... 

These results opened the way to neutrino astronomy and also to the use of cosmic v to study fundamental particle physics in phase-space regions not accessible to accelerators based experiments. 

High energy neutrino astronomy and underwater detectors... 

Keywords Neutrino Detector, Neutrino Telescopes, Neutrino Astronomy, Antarctic Ice, Ul-... 

AMANDA has yet to observe an extraterrestrial neutrino source, but she has demonstrated the cost-effectiveness and robustness of the technique. The detector is very versatile it addresses many different neutrino physics subjects and sets the most stringent upper limits on Galactic and extragalactic neutrino fluxes. The improved search for diffuse fluxes, which has ruled out several predictions, along with the extended four-year search for point sources has started to constrain the enormous parameter space that exist in many models of neutrino production. The reported experimental limits on the diffuse neutrino flux are less than an order of magnitude above the Waxman-Bahcall bound ( Waxman and Bahcall, 1999). As more of the data on tape is analyzed, AMANDA sensitivities will continue to improve. This is a very exciting time in neutrino astronomy and we look forward to neutrino astrophysics with next generation of neutrino telescopes. 

Part III High Energy Gamma Ray and Neutrino Astronomy... 

High Energy Neutrino Astronomy and Underwater Detectors 219... 

An area that was pioneered by nuclear chemists is the search for solar neutrinos. Although main-sequence stars, of which the Sun is a typical representative, have for decades been believed to derive their energy from the series of fusion reactions mentioned above, there was no direct observational evidence for this until Raymond Davis in the 1960s undertook to measure the flux of neutrinos from the Sun which accompany these reactions (Davis et al. 1968 Cleveland et al. 1998). The experiment involved measuring the number of Ar atoms (35.0 d) formed by neutrino capture in Cl in a tank of perchloroethylene. With only a few atoms of Ar per month extracted from over 600 t of liquid, this was indeed the ultimate low-level radiochemical separation. Nevertheless, the experiment was successful in detecting the neutrinos, but ever since the first data appeared in 1968, the measured neutrino flux persisted in being only one third of what was expected from model calculations, and this so-called solar neutrino puzzle literally gave rise to a whole new field — neutrino astronomy. 

Cosmic Inflation Cosmology Gamma-Ray Astronomy Infrared Astronomy Neutrino Astronomy Particle Physics, Elementary Radiation Physics Solar Physics Supernovae... 

Cosmic Radiation Gravitational Wave Astronomy Infrared Astronomy Neutrino Astronomy Pulsars Solar Physics Supernovae Ultraviolet Space Astronomy X-Ray Astronomy... 

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