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Neutralization reactions defined

The equivalent weight of an acid in an acid-base neutralization reaction is defined as the formula weight divided by the number of hydrogens lost per formula of the acid in the reaction. Acids may lose one or more hydrogens (per formula) when reacting with a base. [Pg.68]

Acid-base neutralization reactions are processes in which an acid reacts with a base to yield water plus an ionic compound called a salt. You might recall from Section 2.9 that we defined acids as compounds that produce H+ ions when dissolved in water and bases as compounds that produce OH- ions when dissolved in water. Thus, the driving force behind a neutralization reaction is the production of the stable covalent water molecule by removal of H + and OH- ions from solution. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide to yield water plus aqueous sodium chloride is a typical example ... [Pg.116]

The defined unit of reaction for acids and bases is the neutralization reaction... [Pg.198]

Alkalinity and acidity. Related to acids and bases are the concepts of alkalinity and acidity. Alkalinity is defined as the capacity of a substance to neutralize an acid, and acidity is defined as the capacity of a substance to neutralize a base. Consider one mole per liter of HCl. Its neutralization reaction with OH is... [Pg.75]

Recent experimental results on the acid-base neutralization reaction between HPTS and the carboxylic bases mono-, di- and trichloracetate have revealed the underlying mechanisms of proton transfer of the loose complexes [138]. It turns out that a sequential, von Grotthuss-type of hopping occurs through a water molecule bridging the HPTS photoacid and the carboxylic base. Figure 14.9 shows the transient spectra obtained with a solution of 20 mM HPTS in D2O with 1 M of monochloroacetate OAc-Cl added. At early pulse delays about 20% of HPTS has released its deuteron, as is indicated by the appearance of the HPTS photobase marker band at 1435 cm i within the time resolution. A vibrational marker band at 1850 cmr indicates the transient existence of hydrated deuterons. Comparison with literature values for hydrated proton species with well-defined surroundings... [Pg.452]

It shows IR spectrum band at 4.57 i. It gives rise to several well defined derivatives, such as (i) Red monohydrate C H N Og (ii) Potassium salt obtained from (i), KC HgN Og, which being slightly soluble in water having almost neutral reaction and (Hi) Alcoholates. [Pg.140]

Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions. As defined in Chapter 4, adds and bases can either be weak or strong. In the case of the reaction between a strong acid and a strong base, an exchange reaction occurs. For example, hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide react in an exchange manner to form hydrogen hydroxide (WATER ) and potassium chloride. Potassium chloride is not an exception and is therefore soluble. The molecular equation can be written as... [Pg.129]

This group comprises substances of the tjrpe RCONHR and RCONR R", i.e., substituted amides of the aromatic series. They are all well-defined crystalline sohds, sparingly soluble in cold but, often, appreciably soluble hi hot water and moderately soluble in ether they are generally neutral or feebly basic in reaction. [Pg.801]

The sulfur atom of the thiocarbonyl group is a good nucleophile, and reaction between benzyl bromide and l-(2-thiazolyl)thiourea yields the isothiouronium salt (496). The sulfur atom may also be engaged in a chelate, as exemplified by the Cu chelate of 2-thioureido-4-methylthiazole (491). These chelates with metal ions were thoroughly studied in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media for 66 metal ions in order to define their analytical use. They are formed in the molar ratio of 1 2 for metal II compounds (498). [Pg.95]

With Water. Wurtz was the first to obtain ethylene glycol by heating ethylene oxide and water in a sealed tube (1). Later, it was noted that by-products, namely diethjlene and triethylene glycol, were also formed in this reaction (50). This was the first synthesis of polymeric compounds of well-defined stmcture. Hydration is slow at ambient temperatures and neutral conditions, but is much faster with either acid or base catalysis (Table 8). The type of anion in the catalyzing acid is relatively unimportant (58) (see Glycols). [Pg.453]

A catalyst is defined as a substance that influences the rate or the direction of a chemical reaction without being consumed. Homogeneous catalytic processes are where the catalyst is dissolved in a liquid reaction medium. The varieties of chemical species that may act as homogeneous catalysts include anions, cations, neutral species, enzymes, and association complexes. In acid-base catalysis, one step in the reaction mechanism consists of a proton transfer between the catalyst and the substrate. The protonated reactant species or intermediate further reacts with either another species in the solution or by a decomposition process. Table 1-1 shows typical reactions of an acid-base catalysis. An example of an acid-base catalysis in solution is hydrolysis of esters by acids. [Pg.26]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.169 , Pg.393 , Pg.394 , Pg.395 , Pg.416 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.493 ]




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