Neurotoxicity placebo

Danysz W, Parsons CG, Mobius HJ, et al (2000) Neuroprotective and symptomatological action of memantine relevant for Alzheimer s disease—an unified glutamatergic hypothesis on the mechanism of action. Neurotox Res 2 85-97 Davis SM, Lees KR, Albers GW, et al (2000) Selfotel in acute ischemic stroke possible neurotoxic effects of an NMDA antagonist. Stroke 31 347-354 DeKeyser J (1991) Excitotoxic mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Clin Neuropharmacol 14 562-565 Del Dotto P, Pavese N, Gambaccini G, et al (2001) Intravenous amantadine improves levodopa-induced dyskinesias an acute double-blind placebo-controlled study. Mov Disord 16 515-520... 

The combination of clozapine and lithium has been studied in a randomized controlled trial in 10 patients with schizophrenia and 10 with a schizoaffective disorder taking clozapine with either lithium or placebo for 4 weeks (299). The combination was well tolerated, except for reversible neurotoxic reactions in two patients with schizophrenia, and safety measures showed no significant variations. The authors concluded that the lithium added to clozapine appears to afford potential benefit in schizoaffective disorders without harmful effects for schizophrenia, however, it did not afford improvement but posed a risk of lithium toxicity. 

The melanocortin Org 2766, an ACTH analogue, which is not yet available for clinical use, alleviates neurotoxicity due to vinca alkaloids and cisplatin, perhaps by enhancing neural repair. However, whereas preliminary results suggested some neuroprotection in women with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin, these results were not confirmed in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study, even with higher doses of Org 2766 (113). 

In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, concurrent oral administration of 500 mg glutamic acid tds with vincristine reduced the incidence of subjective and objective signs of vincristine neurotoxicity (54). There were no differences in constipation, weakness, or loss of knee reflexes. There were no severe gastrointestinal adverse effects. 

Durand JP, Deplanque G, Montheil V et al (2009) Efficacy of venlafaxine for the prevention and relief of oxaliplatin-induced acute neurotoxicity results of EFFOX, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Ann Oncol 20 736-740... 

Nervous system Neurotoxicity in adult dialysis patients secondary to valaciclovir continues to be reported in case reports [35, 37, 50 ] and observational studies [51 j. These include a case where a patient was felt to have status epilepticus due to aciclovir and valaciclovir neurotoxicity [37 ]. A Cochrane review of antiviral medications for preventing CMV disease in SOT recipients foxmd neurological dysfxmction to be more common with GCV and valaciclovir compared with placebo or no treatment [52 ]. 

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