Neurobehavioral actions

Behavioral indications of toxicity are common attributes of excessive heavy metal exposure. Table 1, updated from an earlier re-view, 2 lists some of the adverse neurobehavioral actions of various metals. The cogency of documentation is quite variable, and in certain instances, somewhat flimsy. The more reliable entries are founded on experimental data. Others originated in... 

Lastly, parallel neurobehavioral and mechanistic studies on three target sites suggest that a fundamental difference exists between the action of Types I and II pyrethroids, both on a functional and molecular level. These differences should be considered in any future risk evaluation of the pyrethroids. 

Mepivacaine hydrochloride (Carbocaine) is longer acting than lidocaine and has a more rapid onset of action (3-5 minutes). Topical application is not effective. It has been widely used in obstetrics, but its use has declined recently because of the early transient neurobehavioral effects it produces. Adverse reactions associated with mepivacaine are generally similar to those produced by other local anesthetics. It can be used with epinephrine or levonordefrin (dental use only). 

Extra-adrenal effects melanotropic hormone and growth hormone release lipolytic action and influencing such neurobehavioral effects as stretching and yawning... 

Neurobehavioral examinations are useful for identifying neurotoxicant-mediated deficits, but it is often difficult to localize the site of toxic action from such tests. For example, sensorimotor tests of reaction time, manual dexterity, hand-eye coordination, and finger tapping can indicate either neuromuscular or psychomotor damage. 

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