Networking of computers

The term hardware encompasses computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities. An increased understanding of how computers perform data processing functions can be achieved by a basic understanding of both the visible and invisible hardware that is necessary for a computer to operate individually or within a network of computers. Visible... 

Besides those listed here, there are other molecular modeling programs developed in academic and industrial laboratories around the world however, because the availability, documentation, and degree of support of these other programs are highly variable, it is impractical to include them all. More and more frequently, workstation software is being transferred between computational chemists via file transfer protocol (ftp) or electronic mail over Internet, Bitnet, and similar networks of computers. In these situations, the cost is nothing, but reliability of the software can be unknown. 

The Internet is a global network of computers where information is stored and shared. To use the Internet, like the students in Figure 17, you need a modem to connect your computer to a phone line and an Internet Service Provider account. 

The components of the data acquisition system are communicating with each other via Internet protocol (TCP/IP). For instance, detectors are listening at Internet ports for commands to change their mode of operation and broadcast acknowledgments which are intercepted by the experiment control program. This is, in general, accomplished by a network of computers working under various Unix variants. It is thus very helpful, if the user has some experience in Unix. This starts from the question of how to check the raw data files for completeness and ends with complex scripts to simplify the control of the experiment. ... 

A small business is looking to set up a network of computers in its office. Four companies gave the original price quotes indicated in the chart below, followed by a second price quote at a later date. Based on the second price quote, which company is offering the lowest price ... 

The World Wide Web is not the same of the Internet, but a later development of it, and within it. The www in the http address http //www.ebi.ac.uk for the same institution is an indication that it is set up for participating in the World Wide Web, the significance of which will now be described however, most websites are similarly set up for such participation even if they do not include www. URLs can be invoked automatically based on what the user wants to know. The Internet today is not only an actual network of computers with pages that you can get to by entering a specific address, but also has a virtual network of knowledge inside it, independent of where the physical machines... 

From time to time there have been fears of saturation of the Internet, and speculation on the need for a second Internet specializing in medical communication and even research. So far that need has not been critical, but its architecture will doubtless mirror the main Internet. Closely related to the Internet and in some respects to the idea of a specialized medical second Internet is the notion of a grid, a collection of computers that can be global or local but characteristically share computation and storage as if they were all one machine. Such a dedicated network of computers does not prohibit, of course, its communication with the Internet. Rather it is often depicted as a local nerve ring handling localizable functions. 

Internet—A network of computer networks connected by means of telecommunication hardware that supports the global exchange of information. 

The Network. Digitization and the use of fiber optics had a tremendous impact on telecommunications and enabled the Internet and packet switching. The Internet is a vast worldwide network of computers, and packet switching is the method used for transmitting data. 

The Internet is a network of computer networks based on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocols. Starting as the U.S. Department of Defense s ARPAnet circa 1970, it has grown to be an almost wholly privatized, global resource connecting more than 11,000 networks with 2 million host machines and 20-25 million computer users in more than 90 countries. It is estimated that Internet traffic has been growing at about 15% per month recently. In the U.S., one-third of all business mail in the last 5 years traveled over telephone wires, including both elearonic mail and facsimile. 

The parameters collected by the system in the form of HTML files, synoptic images, charts, the reports are made available through a network of computers to other users for further analysis. 

Our computational model is derived from some early attempts to distribute, over a network of computers, numerical calculations requiring the transfer of non-negligible amounts of data between client and servers [38,39]. However, recent advances in network technologies have increased reliability and performances. In particular, web-based approaches to distributed computing are even beginning to emerge [40]. 

Parallel processing is a procedure in which a large calculation can be performed on two or more processors working in parallel. The processors can reside on the same (multiprocessor) computer or can be on a network of computers. For the calculation to run on the processors in a parallel fashion, the calculation domain... 

The public internet was so successful that large companies developed their own private networks of computers called intranets, which greatly reduced paperwork and speeded the design process. 

Csaszar, A.G., Furtenbacher, T. From a network of computed reaction enthalpies to atran-based thermochemistry (NEAT). Chem. Eur. J. 16,4826-4835 (2010)... 

The collision avoidance system was developed and tested with the graphics interface, and then integrated with the manipulators in the Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory (ISRL) at NASA Langley Research Center. The ISRL houses two Unima-tion PUMA 560 six-joint robotic manipulators with vision/image acquisition, graphics, and sensor systems supported by network of computers, consisting... 

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