Network connectivity, degree

Factors that are important for the limitation of protected areas are the pipe network structure, degree of mesh, number of service pipes, type of pipe connections, quality of the pipe coating and availability of protection current as well as stray current effects. A protected area in a distribution network is shown in Fig. 10-11 with separate parts of the network (NT I to NT IV). Previous experience has shown that protected areas of 1 to 2 km with lengths of pipeline from 10 to 20 km are advantageous [30],... 

To ensure the highest degree of security of SCADA systems, isolate the SCADA network from other network connections to as great a degree as possible. Any connection to another network introduces security risks, particularly if the connection... 

Yold has determined by IR spectroscopy that the degree of silicon oxide network connectivity increases with increasing H O/TEOS mole ratio for add-catalyzed polymerizations in bulk solutions (21). These results, if applicable to the membrane in situ add-catalyzed polymerizations described herein, serve to reinforce our conclusion that a more highly-coordinated silicon oxide structure exists within microcomposites produced with short immersion times according to procedure A, or according to the slow stepwise TEOS addition in procedure B. In either case, more initial hydrolysis water molecules per alkoxide molecule are available to promote this situation. General Conclusions... 

Sol-gel processes in general are known to involve both hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions leading up to the formation of network structures in liquid solution with varying degrees of cross-linking. This network connectivity depends on a number of reaction parameters, which are easy to describe phenomenologically but rather cumbersome to imderstand in detail. Perhaps the central parameter is the type of precursor used for the... 

Nematic liquid crystal One of the most common liquid crystal phases, where the molecules of a liquid have no positional order, but they have long-range orientational order inside domains. They all point in the same direction within each domain Network connectivity The degree to which a polymer or a nano-particle has coimections with neighbor polymers or nanoparticles, over a gel network NIJ National Institute of Justice... 

Sol-gel transition is a phenomenon which strongly depends on the network connectivity. In the case of virtually irreversible chemical sol-gel transition in a solution, a constant increase in the degree of polymerization of individual clusters contributes to increase in solution viscosity only gradually in the earher stage of polymerization. The continued... 

In paper [66] the degree of network connectivity was estimated with the aid of the probability of network bonds formation r. This parameter was defined as follows ... 

Given a network structure, it is possible to identify loops and paths for it, as discussed in Chap. 7. Within the context of optimization, it is only necessary to consider those paths which connect two different utilities. This could be a path from steam to cooling water or a path from high-pressure steam used as a hot utility to low-pressure steam also used as a hot utility. These paths between two different utilities will be designated utility paths. Loops and utility paths both provide degrees of freedom in the optimization. ... 

Possible morphologies of partially crystalline polymers are shown in Fig. 18. Figure 18a depicts the case of small crystallites that act as physical crosslinks between polymeric chains, thus connecting those chains into a 3-dimensional network. In the case depicted in Fig. 18b, the material forms ribbon-shaped or needle-shaped crystalline regions in which different segments of a large number of chains are incorporated. This could explain the low degree of crystallinity at the LST as detected for the iPP system [80]. 

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