Nephrotoxicity cobalt

Kidneys are able to carry out extensive oxidation, reduction hydrolysis and conjugation reactions. The attractive hypothesis that cephaloridine is metabolized prior to producing nephrotoxicity [92] was not substantiated by experimental data. However, pretreatment of rats with 60 mg/kg cobalt chloride decreased cephaloridine-induced lipid peroxidation in renal cortical slices [31]. These results suggest that prior to producing nephrotoxicity, cephaloridine is taken up into renal cells, where, with the involvement of cytochrome P-450, it induces peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. 

Metals A wide range of metals induce nephrotoxicity in humans and/or in animal models (Table 5). Some of these metals (e.g., iron, cobalt, copper) are essential elements required for normal body function, while others can be useful in treating diseases. For example, gold salts are useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis lithium salts are indicated for the treatment of manic-depressive illness and aluminum and bismuth salts are available to treat indigestion and stomach aches. However, exposure to these and other metals can occur from environmental sources and in excessive concentrations, can lead to nephropathy. 

---