Negroes slavery

J. H. Van Evrie, Negroes and Negro Slavery The First an Inferior Race The Latter Its Normal Condition (New York Van Evrie, Horton and Co., 1863), p. 292. 

Rush s generation was torn between the assertions of the Declaration of Independence and the realities of Negro slavery. The heart of the Declaration was the self-evident truth. . . that all men are created equal. The heart of slavery was the deep-seated belief that the Negro is racially inferior to the white man. Americans ached in their souls for a reconciliation of this bitter contradiction. 

George P. Meade. A Negro Scientist of Slavery Days. Scientific Monthly. 62 (1946). 

The Carl Schurz Association had been founded in 1927 by democratic circles in southern Germany. Carl Schurz was the most significant German who fled to the United States in 1848. He became a general in the Civil War. He was a friend of Abe Lincoln and he was famous for his laws for the protection of Negroes after the abolition of slavery in the United States.. . . Lee told us "Try to prevent any propaganda in the United States, but see to it that the American public is better informed by fair publicity."... 

The presumed immutability of the Jews became a staple of American science by mid-century as well, even though slavery and the question of Negro citizenship still dominated racial discussion. In Types of Mankind (1855) Josiah Nott remarked that the well-marked Israelitish features are never beheld out of that race The complexion may be bleached or tanned. . . but the Jewish features stand unalterably through all climates. In Natural History of the Human Races (1869) John Jeffries, too, argued that the Jews have preserved their family type unimpaired and though they number over five million souls, each individual retains the full impress of his primitive typical ancestors. 23 And of course we have already seen where these observations on Jewish racial integrity tended in the age of eugenics. 

John P. Kaminski, A Necessary Evil Slavery and the Debate over the Constitution (Madison Madison House, 1995), p. 218 Winthrop Jordan, White over Black American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 (Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press, 1968), pp. 542-569. 

Without hemp," writes J.F. Hopkins in his History of the Hemp Industry in Kentucky, "slavery might not have flourished in Kentucky, since other agricultural products of the state were not conducive to the extensive use of bondsmen. On the hemp farm and in the hemp factories the need for laborers was filled to a large extent by the use of Negro slaves, and it is a significant fact that the heaviest concentration of slavery was in the hemp producing area."... 

For a sensitive and critical discussion of Jefferson s ideas regarding race and slavery, see John Chester Miller, The Wolf by the Ears Thomas Jefferson and Slavery (New York, 1977) and, more broadly, Winthrop D. Jordan, White over Black American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550 1812 (Chapel Hill, 1968). For a modern self-styled Burkean s splenetic attack on Jefferson as a racist and apostle of anarchic absolute liberty for whites and abject slavery for blacks, see Conor Cruise O Brien, The Long Affair Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution, 1785 1800 (Chicago, 1996). Jefferson s views regarding native Americans are probed by Bernard W. Sheehan, Seeds of Extinction Jeffersonian Philanthropy and the American Indian (Chapel Hill, 1973). 

James Kirke Paulding, Slavery in the United States (1836 reprinted. New York Negro Universities Press, 1968), p. 229. 

Moses Roper, A Narrative of the Adventures and Escape of Moses Roper Prom American Slavery (1838 reprinted. New York Negro Universities Press, 1970), p. 48, for instance, describes not only having an iron collar around his neck but also irons on his feet. Dickens, American Notes, p. 286, describes slaves with irons around their ankles and necks. 

Narrative of James Williams, in The Anti-Slavery Examiner, no. 6 (1836-1840 reprinted, Westport, Conn. Negro Universities Press, 1970), p. 2. 

See, for example, Charles Ball, Slavery in the United States A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man (1837 reprinted. New York Negro Universities Press, 1969), pp. 256-257, who describes one such flogging. Ball, Slavery, p. iv. 

Williamson, J. (1965). After Slavery The Negro in South Carolina during Reconstruction, 1861-1877. Chapel HiU, NC University of North Carolina Press. 

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