Naturalistic outcome studies

Dursun SM, Deakin JF. 2001. Augmenting antipsychotic treatment with lamotragine or topiramate in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia A naturalistic case-series outcome study. J Psychopharmacol 15(4) 297-301. 

Dursun SM, Gardner DM, Bird DC, Flinn J. Olanzapine for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia a naturalistic case-series outcome study. Can J Psychiatry 1999 44(7) 701 1. 

Taylor DM, Wright T, Libretto SE, for the Risperidone Olanzapine Drug Outcomes Studies on Schizophrenia (RODOS) UK Investigator Group. Risperidone compared with olanzapine in a naturalistic clinical study a cost analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2003 64 589-97. 

Naturalistic population-based studies use epidemiological methods to attempt to identify outcomes from real world clinical practice in large, heterogeneous populations. 

Naturalistic, retrospective database studies, which have set out specifically to investigate pharmacoeconomic outcomes, have included analyses of ... 

There are no randomized, double-blind, controlled studies of hospitalized children and adolescents with acute mania. Two systematic, albeit open, studies of lithium in hospitalized, acutely manic adolescents had response rates of 67%-80% in classic manic adolescents, and 33%-40% in manic adolescents with prior ADHD (Strober et al., 1988 1998). In a discontinuation study in which manic adolescents stabilized on lithium were subsequently assigned double-blind to placebo or continuation treatment, the response rate was 53.5%, and the presence of prior ADHD made no difference in outcome (Kafantaris et al., 1998). However, the presence of psychosis decreased the likelihood of lithium response and antipsychotic medication was necessary for stabilization. Naturalistic discontinuation of lithium (because of noncompliance) after stabilization resulted in relapse rates of 90% vs. 37.5% for those remaining on lithium (Strober et al., 1990). A NIMH multisite study is currently examining this issue more systematically. 

Harrow M, Goldberg JF, Grossman LS, et al. Outcome in manic disorders a naturalistic follow-up study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990 47 665-671. 

Scheltema Beduin AA, Swets M, Machielsen M, Korver N, Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis Investigators. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia a naturalistic cross-sectional study comparing treatment with clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and no antipsychotics in 543 patients. J Ctin Psychiatry 2012 73(ll) 1395-402. 

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