NASA method

Alternatively all iteration variables are adjusted simultaneously, as demonstrated by Gordon and McBride (27) in the NASA method. They add the specification equation (e.g., (4) or (6)) to the equations that give minimum Gibbs free energy (22). Linearization leads to S + 2 + E equations in the unknowns AN, A(In N), 7tk, and A (In T). A formulation to permit multiple mixed phases is presented by Zeleznik and Gordon (2). 

Mentz and Wilkins studied the problem of convergence of the NASA method. Bernhard and Hawkins, Tsao and Wiederhold, applied Newton s method to solving the set of non-linear equations (5.48), and Michels and Schneiderman used the NASA method to obtain solutions for real gas systems. 

Chemical equilibrium calculations are frequently accompanied by determinations of enthalpy changes involved in the overall chemical conversion process. Since such calculations are important for successful industrial application of newly developed processes, we are presenting at least the basic relationships required for judging enthalpy changes. The procedure to be described in the following is in fact a development of the NASA method of determining the coordinates (H, P). 

Two standard estimation methods for heat of reaction and CART are Chetah 7.2 and NASA CET 89. Chetah Version 7.2 is a computer program capable of predicting both thermochemical properties and certain reactive chemical hazards of pure chemicals, mixtures or reactions. Available from ASTM, Chetah 7.2 uses Benson s method of group additivity to estimate ideal gas heat of formation and heat of decomposition. NASA CET 89 is a computer program that calculates the adiabatic decomposition temperature (maximum attainable temperature in a chemical system) and the equilibrium decomposition products formed at that temperature. It is capable of calculating CART values for any combination of materials, including reactants, products, solvents, etc. Melhem and Shanley (1997) describe the use of CART values in thermal hazard analysis. 

The following method for ealeulation of the ineidenee angle is applieable to eambered airfoils. Work by NASA on the various easeades is the basis for the teehnique. The ineidenee angle is a funetion of the blade eamber, whieh is an indireet funetion of the air-turning angle... 

Whitney, W.J., Comparative Study of Mixed and Isolated Flow Methods for Cooled Turbine Performance Analysis, NASA, TM X-1572, 1968. 

J.J. Lander, R. D. Weaver, A.J. Salkind, J.J. Kelley in Characteristics of Separators for Alkaline Silver Oxide Zinc Secondary Batteries. Screening Methods (Eds. J.E. Cooper, A. Fleischer), NASA Technical Report NAS 5-2860,1964. 

Films at NASA GRC were deposited using homemade spray or aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) reactors to exploit the lower deposition temperature enabled by the simpler decomposition chemistry for the SSPs.6 9 AACVD is a simple and inexpensive process that offers the advantage of a uniform, large-area deposition, just like metal organic CVD (MOCVD), while also offering the low-temperature solution reservoir typical of spray pyrolysis methods. 

Ye, T., Mittal, R., Udaykumar, H. S., and Shyy, W. J. Computat. Phys. 156, 209-240 (1999). Yusof, J. M. Combined immersed boundaries/B-splines methods for simulations of flows in complex geometries. CTR Annual Research Briefs, NASA Ames/Stanford University (1997). 

Zeleznik, F. J. and S. Gordon, 1960, An analytical investigation of three general methods of calculating chemical equilibrium compositions. NASA Technical Note D-473, Washington DC. 

Bidigare, R.R., and C.C. Trees. 2000. HPLC phytoplankton pigments Sampling, laboratory methods, and quality assurance procedures. Pp. 154-161 in Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 2, J. Mueller and G. Fargion, eds., NASA Technical Memorandum 2000-209966. 

In addition to capitalization, move 1 of the Methods section is also an excellent place to examine how chemists use abbreviations and acronyms in their writing. Abbreviations are short forms of words or phrases where each letter is often pronounced (e.g., DNA) acronyms are short forms of words or phrases that form pronounceable words (e.g., NASA). Both are common in chemical writing, in part because they make the writing more concise. A few abbreviations are so common that they can be used without ever introducing the full term (e.g., DNA, IR, NMR, UV, RNA). Most abbreviations, however, need to be dehned before they can be used on their own in such cases, abbreviations are placed in parentheses immediately/oHowing the full terms that they represent. For example. 

In 1995 he was a research fellow at NASA, United States. His current research interests lie in environment-friendly analytical methods and their applicability bioactive compounds. He has received the National Science Prize twice (Estonia 1991, 2006). 

Methods and technology were developed and used at the NASA Plum Brook Reactor (PBR) to analyze trace elements in pollution-related samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). This work is significant because it demonstrates that INAA is a useful analytic tool for monitoring trace elements in a variety of sample matrices related to environmental protection. In addition to coal, other samples analyzed for trace elements included fly ash, bottom ash, crude oil, fuel oil, residual oil, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, filtered air particulates, various ores, stack... 

Method of Producing Porous Tungsten for Ion Rocket Engines , NASA TND 864 (1961) (AD 258265) 7) Anon, EngrgDesignHndbk,... 

Gordon and McBride (27), working at the NASA Lewis Research Center, developed an algorithm similar to the RAND Method. They minimized ... 

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