Nanowires adaptive

Figure 14 SEM (a-d) and fluorescence microscopy (e-h) images of gelators indicating how modifying the molecular-scale building blocks is able to tune the optical behavior of the self-assanbled nanowires. (Adapted from Ref. 90. Amaican Chemical Society, 2009.)...

Figure 11.6. Crossed nanowire p-n diode, (a) A typical SEM image of a crossed NW p-n diode, (b) Current-voltage (I-V) relation of the crossed p-n diode. Linear or nearly linear I-V behavior of the p-type and n-type NWs indicates good contact between NWs and metal electrodes. I-V curves across the junction show clear current rectification, (c) An SEM image of an NW p-n diode array, (d) I-V behavior for a 4(p) x l(n) multiple junction array. [Adapted from Ref. 57.]... 

Fig. 10 Schematic representation of the nanoreplication processes from block copolymers, a Growth of high-density nanowires from a nanoporous block copolymer thin film. An asymmetric PS-fc-PMMA diblock copolymer was aligned to form vertical PMMA cylinders under an electric field. After removal of the PMMA minor component, a nanoporous film is formed. By electrodeposition, an array of nanowires can be replicated in the porous template (adapted from [43]). b Hexagonally packed array of aluminum caps generated from rod-coil microporous structures. Deposition of aluminum was achieved on the photooxidized area of the rod-coil honeycomb structure (Taken from [35])...

Figure 5.12. High resolution images of Ge nanowires from Korgel and coworkers. Image (a) shows an untreated Ge nanowire with a native germanium suboxide layer. Image (b) shows a Ge nanowire with a covalently bonded hexyl monolayer attached using the hydrogermylation reaction. An abrupt surface is observed. Figure adapted with permission from Ref. [103]. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.

Figure 23.9 Trace analysis of a metal (M) analyte in the presence of surfactants (S) using the vertically active and horizontally passive aligned nanowires. Such adaptive operation leads to opening and closing of the surface to allow measurement and protection of the transducer between measurements. Also shown are the optical images (top view) of the glassy-carbon disk electrode covered with the vertically (left) and horizontally (right) aligned nanowires.47 (Reprinted with permission from R. Laocharoensuk et al.,...

The ability to switch the operation of electrochemical metal sensors between active and passive modes on demand offers substantial improvements in their stability in the presence of common surfactants, as demonstrated in stripping-voltammetric signals obtained from cadmium in the presence of gelatin and Tween 80. Bare electrodes display a substantial diminution of the cadmium peak in the presence of both surfactants. In contrast, the adaptive-nanowire electrode system exhibits a highly stable response with a negligible change of the peak current over multiple measurements. 

One of the major drawbacks of PANI is its processability, which is not as good as that of thermoplastics. Unfortunately, many of the PANI applications require its use either as thin film, free-standing film, fiber or nanowires. Several methods to prepare films, which were first studied with chemically synthesized PANI, such as in situ chemical deposition, casting using solvents, and layer by layer assemblies, have been adapted in order to process PANI using the enzymatically synthesized polymer. 

Figure 3.46. The SEM image of TiOj nanowire (a), TiO/Ag (b) the TEM image of Ti02/Ag (c) high-resolution TEM image of TiOj/Ag (d). [Adapted, by permission, fiom Liu, R, Li, X., Zhao, H., Zhu, D., Zheng, Y, Li, C.,Appl. Surf. ScL, 258,4667-71,2012.]...

Fig. 6.13 (a) Cross-polarized optical image of patterns of nanowires of 6.25 generated using microchannels on a glass substrate and (b) FESEM image of wire arrays on a silicon substrate. (Adapted from [64])... 

Figure 30 Fibrillar nanowires formed by the directed self-assembly of a PEO-Woc/(-peptide-Woc/(-tetrathiophene-Woc/f-peptide-Woc/f-PEO ABA conjugate (right). AFM micrograph of the fibrillar microstructures with the inset showing the left-handed superhelical fine structure before switching (left). Adapted from Schillinger, E.-K. Mena-Osteritz, E. Hentschel, J. etal. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21,1562." ...

A most successful method for describing both deformation and shell effects in simple metal clusters (i.e. those that can be described by the Jellium background model) is the SCM, originally developed in the field of nuclear physics [38, 2]. In a series of recent publications [25, 26, 28, 39-45], the SCM was further developed, adapted and applied in the realm of finite-size, condensed-matter nanostructures (i.e. metal clusters [25, 26, 39-43], but also multiply charged fullerenes [28], He clusters [44], and metallic nanowires and nanoconstrictions [45]). Additionally, Refs [46-49] have used... 

Figure 11.3 PPy nanowires obtained by a template-free electrochemical method (adapted from ref. 38).

Fig. 3.9 (a) Schematic diagrams for multinanowire-based chemical sensors, (b) Sketch of planar nanowire array sensor composed of individually addressable sensing elements based on template synthesis (Adapted with permission from Kohnakov and Moskovits (2004), Copyright 2004 A Nonprofit Scientific Publisher)... 

Figure 30 Distortion of the HBC core and self-assembled nanowires obtained with peripheral dodecyl substitution. Figure (a) (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 52. Wiley-VCH, 2005.) Figure (b) (Adapted with permission from Ref. 53. American Chemical Society, 2006.)...

Figure 13.16 SiNW transistor fabricated by AFM oxidation nanoiithography. (a] AFM image of a iocai oxide pattern to be used as mask, (b] AFM image of the SiNW connected to two piatinum eiectrodes. (c] High-resolution image of the SiNW shown in (b]. (d] Output (left] and transfer (right] and characteristics of the SiNW transistor. (Data adapted from Ref 90.] Abbreviation-. SiNW, silicon nanowire.

Piccin, E., R. Laocharoensuk, J. Burdick, E. Carrilho, and J. Wang. 2007. Adaptive nanowires for switchable microchip devices. Anal. Chem. 79 4720-4723. 

Fig. 1.2 Schematic showing the evolution of the catalyst model system from a single crystal metal surface to 2D and 3D nanoparticle arrays that are colloid synthesized and to nanowire arrays and nanodiodes that are fabricated using lithography. (Adapted from ref [5], reprinted with permission)...

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