Nanotechnology nanosciences

There is also a distinction to be drawn between nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanoscience is the sub-discipline of science that involves the study of nanoscale materials, processes, phenomena and/or devices. Nanoscience includes materials and phenomena at the nanoscale (typically 0.1-100 nm) hence, it includes areas such as carbon nanoscience (e.g. fullerenes), molecular scale electronics, molecular self-assembly, quantum size effects and crystal engineering. Nanotechnology involves the design, characterization, manipulation, incorporation and/or production of materials and structures in the nanoscale range. These applications exploit the properties of the nanoscale components, distinct from bulk or macroscopic systems. Naturally, there is a substantial overlap of scale between nanotechnology and colloid technology. 

E3-05-14, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore e-mail nnimpp nus.edu.sg... 

In recent years, the interest toward nanocomposites has been intensified in response to increased efforts in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Although materials with the nanoscale-size fillers have been produced in mbber industry for many years, current design of novel nanocomposites,... 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a set of materials with different structures and properties. They are among the most important materials of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology field. They combine inorganic, organic, bio-organic, coUoidal, and polymeric chemistry and are chemically inert. They are insoluble in any solvent and their chemistry is in a key position toward interdisciphnary applications, for example, use as supports for catalysts and catalytic membranes [20, 21]. 

J. R. Krenn, A. Leitner, and F. R. Aussenegg, Metal nano-optics. In H. Singh Nalwa (ed.), Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Volume 5, pp. 411-419. American Scientihc Publishers, 2004. 

Schenk, R., Hessel, V., Jongen, N., Buscaglia, V., Guillemet-Eritsch, S., Jones, A. G., Nanopowders produced using microreactors, Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, in press (2004). 

What makes metal nanoclusters scientifically so interesting The answer is that they, in many respects, no longer follow classical physical laws as all bulk materials do, but are correctly to be considered by means of quantum mechanics. This is not only valid for metals. In principle any other solid or in some cases even liquid material exhibit so-called nano-effects when reaching a critical size. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are based on those effects. In the course of only 1-2 decades nanosciences and nanotechnology have developed to such an extent that our daily life already is and will be increasingly influenced in a way that cannot be compared with any other technological development in mankind s history [2]. A few examples will help to better understand what is meant. 

The miniaturization of matter to a critical specific size often results in dramatic changes of properties. In most cases those events happen on the nanoscale. Nanoscience, and in consequence nanotechnology, describe and use such nanoeffects to take profit of novel properties without the need of preparing new chemical compounds. 

I. Contescu, K. Putyera (eds.) Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004, 739. 

This series will cover the wide ranging areas of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. In particular, the series will provide a comprehensive source of information on research associated with nanostructured materials and miniaturised lab on a chip technologies. 

Wang, H. F. et al. (2004) Biodistribution of carbon single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 4 (8), 1019—1024. 

Chen, M., Jiang, J., Zhou, X. and Diao, G. (2008) Preparation of akaganeite nanorods and their transformation tosphere shape hematite. Journal for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 8, 3942-3948. 

Ankamwar, B., Damle, C., Ahmad, A. and Sastry, M. (2005) Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Emhlica Officinalis fruit extract, their phase transfer and transmetallation in an organic solution. Journal for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 5, 1665-1671. 

Naik, R.R., Brott, L.L., Clarson, S.J. and, Stone, M.O. (2002) Silica-precipitating peptides isolated from a combinatorial phage display peptide library. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2, 95-100. 

Wei, Y., Xu, J., Feng, Q., Lin, M., Dong, H., Zhang, W.-J. and Wang, C. (2001) A novel method for enzyme immobilization direct encapsulation of add phosphatase in nanoporous silica host materials. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 1, 83-93. 

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