Nanosuspensions pharmaceutical

Table 13.2 Current Marketed Nanosuspension Pharmaceutical Products (Patel and Agrawal, 2011 Shah et al., 2007)...

Muller, R. H., Becker, R., Kruss, B., and Peters, K. (1999) Pharmaceutical nanosuspensions for medicament administration as systems with increased saturation solubility and rate of solution, US Patent 5,858,410. 

The principle of operation of a piston-gap homo-genizer for the preparation of nanosuspensions is illustrated in Fig. 6, and has been described for pharmaceutical preparations since 1994. A microfiuidizer, typically used to prepare liposomes or emulsions, can also be used to prepare nanosuspensions. ... 

Tservistas, M. Levy, M.S. Lo-Yim, N.Y.A. O Kennedy, R.D. York, R Humphreys, G.O. Hoare, M. The formation of plasmid DNA-loaded pharmaceutical powders using supercritical fluid technology. Biotech. Bioeng. 2001, 71, 12-18. Bodmeier, R. Chen, H. Indomethacin polymeric nanosuspensions prepared by microfluidization. J. Controlled Release 1990, 12, 223-233. 

Pharmaceutical nanosuspensions are usually very finely dispersed solid drug particles in an aqueous vehicle for either oral and topical use or for parenteral and pulmonary administration. The key difference from conventional suspensions is that the particle size distribution of the solid particles in nanosuspensions is usually less than 1 pm, with an average particle size range between 200 and 600 nm. 

The major advantage of pharmaceutical nanosuspensions is their ability to increase the in vivo absorption of highly-water-insoluble drugs by dramatically reduced particle size. 

Miiller, R.H. Jacobs, C. Kayser, O. Nanosuspensions. In Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions Nielloud, F., Marti-Mestres, G., Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 2000. 

These are by far the most commonly used systems for the formulation of insoluble solids. The solid can be hydrophobic, such as most organic materials that are used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and paints the solid can also be hydrophilic, such as silica and clays. With some pigments and inks the particles need to be very small - that is, in the nanosize range - and these are referred to as nanosuspensions. Latexes may also be considered as suspensions, particularly if the particles are solid-like at ambient temperatures. With many of the latexes that are used in paints the particles are liquid-like at below and ambient temperature, but when applied to a surface these liquid-like particles coalesce to form a uniform film. The system may then be considered as an emulsion. 

Use as a template to fabricate nanoparticulate systems The inherent thermodynamic stability, large interfacial area and small droplet size of the microemulsions enable them to act as a template for facile synthesis of pharmaceutical nanoparticulates systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles [11] and nanosuspensions [12]. Additionally, microemulsions represent nanoreactors which can be tailored to fabricate pharmaceutical nanomaterials. 

Muller, R.H. Gohla, S. Dingier, A. Schneppe, T. Large-scale production of solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanosuspension (Dissocubes). In Handbook of Pharmaceutical Controlled Release Technology, Wise, D. Ed. Marcel Dekker New York, 2000 pp. 359—375. 

Yang Z, Liu M, Chen J, Fang W, Zhang Y, Yuan M et al. Development and characterization of amphotericin B nanosuspensions for oral administration through a simple top-down method. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 2014 15(6) 569—576. 

Drug formulating in nanosuspension form enhances the saturable concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredients, dissolution rate as well as bioavailability of the dmg. 

R. H. Muller, C. Jacobs and O. Kayser, Nanosuspensions for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs, in Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions (Aufl)., F. Nielloud and G. Marti-Mestres, Marcel Dekker, S. 383-407 (2000). 

J. Beirowski, S. Inghelbrecht, A. Arien, and H. Gieseler, Freeze drying of nanosuspensions, 1 Freezing rate versus formulation design as critical factors to preserve the original particle size distribution,/oMrna/ of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100 (5), 958-1968, 2011. 

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