Nanostructures nanochannels

Figure 10.4 Vapor and liquid inside the nanochannel (meniscus shown) and a magnified view of the nanostructured nanochannel.

Zhou, Y. and Shimizu, T. (2008) Lipid nanotubes a unique template to create diverse one-dimensional nanostructures. Chemistry of Materials, 20 (3), 625-633. Nogawa, K., Tagawa, Y., Nakajima, M., Arai, F., Shimizu, T., Kamiya, S. and Fukuda, T. (2007) Development of novel nanopipette with a lipid nanotube as nanochannel. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, 19 (5), 528-534. 

Fig. 7 Novel patternable block copolymers to achieve spatially controlled nanostructures, a An asymmetric PaMS-fc-PHS copolymer/photoacid generator/crosslinker solution was spin-coated on a silicon substrate and formed vertical PaMS cylinders due to rapid solvent evaporation, b 248 nm stepper exposure and subsequent development to form micropatterns with features as small as 400 nm. c Strong UV irradiation under high vacuum to remove PaMS, thus generating patterned nanochannels...

Figure 3.13 (Top) TEM micrographs of (a-i) silver nanocoils prepared by backfilling, (j-k) helical mesoporous silica grown inside nanochannels of different sizes (indicated below each micrograph). (Bottom) Schematic of differing confined nanostructural evolution with decreasing diameter of the nanochannels [56],...

To conclude, we expect that ILs will find, besides organometaUic synthesis, catalysis and electrochemistry, a further rich field of application in the synthesis of nanostructured solids, either to make nano-objects (e.g. particles and fibers) with very special and otherwise non-addressable properties or for the design of nanopores and nanochannels in solids. It was reasoned that it is the quite singular combination of energetic adaptability towards other molecules and phases plus the strong H-bonded driven solvent structure which makes ILs a potential key tool in the realization of a new generation of chemical nanostructures. 

Sidorenko et al. succeeded in fabrication of well-ordered nanostructures in thin polymer films by supramolecular assembly of PS-Zi-P4VP and 2-(4-hydro-xybenzeneazo) benzoic acid (HABA), consisting of cylindrical nanodomains formed by P4VP-HABA associates in a matrix of PS (Sidorenko et al., 2003). As shown in Scheme 12.7, extraction of HABA with a selective solvent results in nanochannel membranes with a hexagonal lattice of hollow channels in the diameter crossing the membrane from top to bottom. 

Keywords Polymer crystallization NMR of polymers Polyethylene Hexagonal phases Nanostructured materials Confined polymers Crystal engineering Nanochannels... 

Polymers organized in this unusual state behave as hexagonal mesophases similar to those observed in the bulk at suitable temperature/pressure conditions and adopt the extended chain conformation. Polymers included in nanochannels were discovered a few decades ago [33,34], but the mesomorphic properties and the stabilizing interactions were established much later by advanced spectroscopic techniques [35-41]. The preparation of novel macro-molecular adducts, melting at temperatures as high as 350 °C and sustained by CH- 71 intermolecular interactions, has been a success of supramolecular chemistry in fabricating high performance nanostructured materials [42]. 

The Ca-aluminate cements and to some extent also the Ca-siUcate cements exhibit inherent properties not so often considered in spite of its importance for high-strength cement materials, antibacterial biomaterials, as weU as bioactive materials. The specific interesting combination of properties for Ca-aluminate and Ca-silicate systems is the simultaneous appearing of bioactivity, and bacteriostatic and antibacterials properties, as well as reduced microleakage. Other properties related to the nanostructure is the possibility to obtain translucent materials. Finally, the nanoporosity with nanochannels below 5 nm, often in the range 1-3 nm, can be used for controlled slow release of medicaments. The nanochannels surrounding all formed nanosize hydrates will also contribute to a pressure relief. 

Alumina nanochannel array has been made for long time and has been used as filters in various applications. More recently, alumina nanochannels have been used as template to synthesize various kinds of nanostructures such as different nanowires. In addition, the nanochannel array has been used to provide nano-environment for biological related studies. The alumina nanochannel membrane pro-... 

Microtubules are of interest in nanotechnology for a number of reasons. They are tubular structures formed from the protein tubulin (Fig. 6.24), and could be used as nanochannels for the transport of liquid, or as struts to support nanostructures. However, probably the main interest stems from the fact that they are a key component of one of the main motility systems of cells found in eukaryotes (the other being muscle). This is because the motion of cilia, which are the hairlike strands that undulate to sweep fluid across the surface of organs such as the respiratory tract, depends on the sliding of subfibres formed from microtubule arrays past one another. The whiplike structures responsible for motion in many types of... 

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