Nanoporous composite materials

Nanoporous Composite Materials—Polymer-Silicate Composite Electrodes... 

We have recently turned our attention to cellulose-heparin, blood-compatible, nanoporous composite membranes for use in kidney dialysis (Murugesan et al., 2006a, b). Advanced kidney dialysis system contains heparin covalently bound to the surface of biomaterials to reduce clotting effects. Our new approach relies instead on composite materials. Unfortunately, no technology has been available to... 

Gordeev S.K. Nanoporous and nanofragmental carbon composite materials. In G. Benedek et al. (eds.) Nanostructured carbon for advanced applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, pp. 71-88. 

The favorable conditions for the superparaelectricity observation in small ferroelectric nanoparticles at room temperatures are small Curie-Weiss constants, high nonlinear coefficients an and narrow distribution function of particles radii. The ensemble of noninteracting ferroelectric nanoparticles could be realized in nanoporous nonferroelectric matrix with the pores filled at least partly by some ferroelectric material. Another type of composite material can be considered also. Namely, it is the material with cylindrical geometry of nanopores in the nonferroelectric matrix filled with ferroelectric nanorods. However some difference in polar behavior for this geometry in comparison with spherical case can be expected. 

Lin STC, Bhattacharyya D, Fakirov S, Matthews BG, and Cornis J. (2011) Comparison of nanoporous scaffolds manufactured by electrospinning and nanofibrillar composite concept 18th International Conference on Composites Material, JeJu, South Korea, August 22-26, 2011,... 

Clement D, Diener J, Gross E, Kiinzner N, Timoshenko VY, Kovalev D (2005) Highly explosive nanosilicon-based composite materials. Phys Status Solid A 202(8) 1357-1364 Currano LJ, Churaman WA (2009) Energetic nanoporous silicon devices. IEEE J Microelectromech... 

It has been shown that the sol-gel materials can be used as host matrices for a variety of biological molecules (7-77). The dopant biomolecules reside in the porous network of these sol-gel composite materials as a part of nanostructured architecture. The unique nanostructured assembly of such sol-gel composites is characterized by biomolecules enclosed in the nanopores of the material. The bioparticles arranged as part of sol-gel composites are characterized by intermediate order and mobility, as opposed to the higher degrees of order available in solids or the pronounced mobilities present in solution media. In other words, the properties of both the solid and solution phases prevail in sol-gel environment. In spite of general similarity in reaction chemistry with macroscopic solution based discipline, variation in overall reaction kinetics can be observed as a direct consequence of encapsulation. Usually it is the interactions of the dopant molecules with the sol-gel matrix that determine the reaction pathways a particular system undergoes. Such a nanostructured system utilizes the properties of spatially isolated molecules in a solvent-rich environment necessary for stability of the biomolecules. 

Kotina, I.M. et al. The phase composition of the hthiated samples of nanoporous carbon materials produced from carbides. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 299, 820-823, 2002. 

A prevalent use for the nanoporous membranes detailed previously, particularly the highly ordered structure of alumina, is to fabricate reproducible nanoscale materials through a method called template synthesis. Briefly, the composition material of desired nanostructures is grown or deposited into a nanoporous membrane the new nanostructures are then separated from the original membrane via mechanical or chemical means. Dependent on the synthetic approach used, this process can produce nanoscale arrays " or individual nanostructures like wires, nanotubes or nanoparticles. Template synthesis also has been used to produce biological nanostructures through the deposition of biomolecules into nanoporous membranes. For a more detailed explanation on... 

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