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Polymer-silicate composite

Nanoporous Composite Materials—Polymer-Silicate Composite Electrodes... [Pg.1526]

Clays have long been used as fillers in polymer systems because of low cost and the improved mechanical properties of the resulting polymer composites. If all other parameters are equal, the efficiency of a filler to improve the physical and mechanical properties of a polymer system is sensitive to its degree of dispersion in the polymer matrix (Krishnamoorti et ah, 1996). In the early 1990s, Toyota researchers (Okada et ah, 1990) discovered that treatment of montmorillonite (MMT) with amino acids allowed dispersion of the individual 1 nm thick silicate layers of the clay scale in polyamide on a molecular. Their hybrid material showed major improvements in physical and mechanical properties even at very low clay content (1.6 vol %). Since then, many researchers have performed investigations in the new field of polymer nano-composites. This has lead to further developments in the range of materials and synthesizing methods available. [Pg.29]

Micro-composites are formed when the polymer chain is unable to intercalate into the silicate layer and therefore phase separated polymer/clay composites are formed. Their properties remain the same as the conventional micro-composites as shown in Figure 2(a). Intercalated nano-composite is obtained when the polymer chain is inserted between clay layers such that the interlayer spacing is expanded, but the layers still bear a well-defined spatial relationship to each other as shown in Figure 2(b). Exfoliated nano-composites are formed when the layers of the day have been completely separated and the individual layers are distributed throughout the organic matrix as shown in Figure 2(c). [Pg.32]

Silicate solutions of equivalent composition may exhibit different physical properties and chemical reactivities because of differences in the distributions of polymer silicate species. This effect is keenly observed in commercial alkali silicate solutions with compositions that lie in the metastable region near the solubility limit of amorphous silica. Experimental studies have shown that the precipitation boundaries of sodium silicate solutions expand as a function of time, depending on the concentration of metal salts (29,58). Apparendy, the high viscosity of concentrated alkali silicate solutions contributes to the slow approach to equilibrium. [Pg.6]

It may be noted that the introduction of the polymer additives increases cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer silicate adhesive composition, keeping a high-acid resistance. [Pg.133]

Due to recent improvements in visualization of nanoscopic material with enhanced resolution, huge advances in the characterization technology have been widespread in all the nanotechnology disciplines, compared to just about 20 years ago. A few examples of nanoscopic materials that are less than Ipm are illustrated in Figure 1.2. Current efforts in the nanoparticle—polymer field go into very small metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles with 1—2nm diameter, and use of micron-sized fillers (e.g., layered silicates) (Polymer-Nanoparticle Composites Part 1 (Nanotechnology), 2010). [Pg.21]

Hyde, J. Licence, P. Carter, D. Poliakoff, M. (2001) Continuous Catalytic Reactions in Supercritical Fluids. Appl. Catal., A. Vol.222, No.1-2, pp.119-131 Jin, S. Kang, C Yoon, K Bang, D. Park, Y. (2009) Elect of compatibilizer on morphology, thermal, and rheological properties of polypropylene/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite. /. Ayyl. Polym. Set. Vol.lll, No.2, pp.1028-1033 Joen, H Jung, H Lee, S. Hudson, S. (1998) Morphology of polymer/Silicate Nanocomposites Hieh Density Polyethylene and a Nitrile Copolymer. Polym. Bull. Vol.41, No.l, pp.107-111... [Pg.387]

C. S. Karthikeyan, S.P. Nunes, K. Schulte, lonomer-silicates composite membranes Permeability and conductivity studies. European Polymer Journal 41 (2005) 1350-1356. [Pg.86]

As illustrated in Fig. 1, layered silicate composite structures fall into three different classes (a) microcomposites with no interaction between the clay galleries and the polymer, (b) intercalated nanocomposites, where the silicate is well-dispersed in a polymer matrix with polymer chains inserted into the galleries between the parallel, sihcate platelets, and (c) exfohated nano composites with fully separated silicate platelets individually dispersed or delaminated within the polymer matrix [12]. However, these terms describe only ideal cases and most observed morphologies fall between the extremes. A more detailed nomenclature will be presented later in this review. [Pg.32]

Mikitaev, A. K., Bedanokov, A. Y, Lednev, O. B., Mikitaev, M. A. Polymer/silicate nanocomposites based on organomodified clays/Polymers, Polymer Blends, Polymer Composites and Filled Polymers. Synthesis, Properties, Application. Nova Science Publishers, New York (2006). [Pg.65]

Clays are strongly hydrophilic in nature, making their dispersion in organic matrices difficult [26]. There are usually three possible arrangements of these layered silicate clays, which can be obtained when they are dispersed in a polymer matrix. If the polymer cannot intercalate between the silicate sheets, a non-intercalated microcomposite is obtained. Beyond this traditional class of polymer-filler composites, two other types of composites can be obtained. An intercalated structure is one in which the separation of clay layers occurs to some extent by increasing the interlayer spacing. [Pg.523]

Karthikeyan CS, Nunes SP, Schulte K (2005) lonomer-silicates composite membranes permeability and conductivity studies. Eur Polym J 41 1350-1356... [Pg.214]


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